Only Two Options For The Saudi Sheikhs

By Chris at http://ift.tt/12YmHT5

A few years ago, when living in Phuket, Thailand, a group of Saudis stayed for a week’s holiday in a neighboring villa.

Outside of the religious and social confines of the land of black gold and endless sand, this group made a bunch of spoiled 5-year olds left to run amok in a candy shop without adult supervision look positively angelic.

They were very visible, with an entourage of young Thai “ladies” and a fleet of Land Cruisers to haul them about. On one occasion, after my son witnessed one of the guys buying a beer and throwing a US$100 bill at the waiter, telling him to keep the change, he asked me how come they had so much money to waste.

I explained that Saudi Arabia has two things in abundance: sand and oil. And though the world doesn’t need sand as much as it does oil, they have grown very wealthy selling the oil to the rest of the world.

Depending on whose numbers you take, somewhere between 75% and 85% of Saudi Arabia’s revenues come from oil exports, and fully 90% of revenues come from oil and gas. Clearly the Kingdom is dependent on oil revenues in the same way that an infant is dependent on its mother’s milk. And unless you’ve been living under a rock for the last few years, you’ll have noticed that the price of oil has collapsed.

Crude Oil

Now in a “normal” market the reduced revenues would manifest in a weaker local currency as demand for Riyals declines.

But governments and central bankers don’t believe in “normal” markets and so the Saudi riyal has been pegged at 3.75 to the US dollar since 1986.

It’s not hard to see a situation where Saudi Arabia may very well be forced to de-peg the currency to curb the fall in the country’s FX reserves should low oil prices persist.

Let’s look at some of the potential catalysts for this.

Could Yellen Kill The Peg?

While the Sheiks contemplate how to deal with their predicament from diamond encrusted cars and golden toilets, across the pond we find that monetary policy in the US has been tightening albeit modestly. What’s important to understand is that in order for Saudi Arabia to maintain its currency peg it needs to follow FED monetary policy.

By following Yellen the Saudis land up sacrificing growth, and by diverging they sacrifice FX reserves in order to maintain the peg. Clearly neither are attractive propositions. According to the Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency (SAMA), for every 100 basis point increase in the Saudi Interbank Offered Rate (SIBOR) this leads to a 90 basis point decline in GDP in the subsequent quarter, and a further 95 basis points in the following quarter.

Falling GDP in a country where over 60% of the population are under 30 brings about its own set of problems. Political instability in the Kingdom has been rising and the royal family is increasingly fighting for survival. After all, they had the experience of watching the Arab Spring unfold on their flat screens.

If, on the other hand, they opt not to follow the stumpy lady, the gap between interest rates in the US and Saudi Arabia will be quickly exploited by people like me as arbitrage opportunities open up.

So this is what we’re all looking at right now: SAMA will have to buy riyals in the open market by selling from its hoard of dollar reserves. Any rise in interest rates in the US will mean SAMA will have to further deplete reserves.

Saudi Arabia Reserves

As I have mentioned before, all pegs eventually break. The question is one of timing.

How long do the Sheiks have under current oil prices?

The falling oil price since mid-2014, has significantly reduced Saudi Arabian revenues. So much so that the scorecard for 2015 showed a deficit of $98bn, and SAMA is estimating a further $87bn deficit this year.

Saudi Arabia Budget

The Saudi government have been funding this deficit by drawing down on forex reserves, spending $132bn in the year to January of this year. With current prices and current reserves they can easily last another 4 years.

Some things I’m thinking about:

  • Iran will bring additional supply to a market in surplus. Saudi Arabia will be forced to keep the pedal to the metal on production, not wanting to lose any market share. And so I’m not convinced we’ll see oil rising in the next 12 to 24 months.
  • We’re in a US dollar bull market as I’ve stated here, here, and here and many other times. Dollar strength will put pressure on the price of oil and thus revenues to the Kingdom.

This could certainly get interesting and traders have begun speculating on a de-pegging from the dollar.

Saudi Riyal

Should low oil prices persist for the next 3 to 4 years, Saudi Arabia will be forced to decide whether it prefers to either cut the production or loosen the currency peg.

I could be wrong but I feel like it’s too early to play this trade and the costs of entry are not astoundingly cheap. Saudi Arabia has almost no debt and can easily access the credit markets. With debt to GDP of just 2% they have a lot of room to move. Coupled with the upcoming partial listing of Aramco their ability to tap international markets for capital is certainly a factor I’m not sure all currency speculators are considering.

What is worth watching are neighbour states. While Kuwait, Qatar, and the UAE all have dollar pegs, they too have vast central bank reserves and sovereign wealth funds. But what looks pretty precarious to me are Oman and Bahrain who could run out of reserves in less than three years. Both these countries have resorted to issuing debt to extend the longevity of their reserves but issuing dollar denominated debt which is essentially asset underwritten by the price of oil in an environment of persistently low oil prices certainly looks like a precarious bet to be making.

Investors looking for asymmetry in markets will do well paying attention to the currency markets, and existing dollar pegged currencies in particular. As I mentioned before… all pegs break, and the returns that can be made in such situations are of the life changing variety.

– Chris

“If Saudi Arabia was without the cloak of American protection, I don’t think it would be around.” – Donald Trump

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Fed Worries About Deflation But Pays Banks Billions Not To Lend QE Proceeds!?

Submitted by Chris Hamilton via Hambone's Stuff blog,

In October of 2006, President Bush signed the Financial Services Regulatory Act (FSRA)…the culmination of a five year Congressional effort.  Significantly, the Federal Reserve was given authority to pay interest on reserve balances held by depository institutions in Federal Reserve Banks.  But not just reserve balances, which were required to be held, but also on excess reserves.  Interestingly, excess reserves at the Fed had never been held in significant quantities.  Banks saw relatively little reason to put working capital (beyond required levels) at the Fed.  Excess reserves (as a % of required reserves) had generally vacillated between 5% to 15% and typically under $2 billion dollars, at any given time.
 
However, all this changed upon the implementation of FSRA (which was implemented ahead of schedule in conjunction with Secretary Paulson's Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 or EESA).  The EESA was formally proposed Sept 21 of '08 and passed into law by Oct 3.  The impact was a shocking increase in excess reserves.  The FSRA law supposed intention was, according to the Fed's Oct. 6, 2008 press release… 
"The payment of interest on excess reserves will permit the Federal Reserve to expand its balance sheet as necessary to provide the liquidity necessary to support financial stability while implementing the monetary policy that is appropriate in light of the System’s macroeconomic objectives of maximum employment and price stability."
The implication I took from this very convoluted Fed speak was that absent the Interest on Excess Reserves or IOER…that the Fed was concerned that the banks (by banks I mean Primary Dealer banks that directly buy the Treasury's from the government with the intention of reselling the Treasury's into the market) would actually utilize this money?!?  The Fed's intent seems to have been to utilize QE to buy (remove) assets from the banks and then pay the banks not to lend this money, keeping it from entering the economy (chart below).  Still, why would banks go along for this mere pittance of a 0.25% (significantly less than the banks were earning) when the funds could earn so much more if allocated?  When the largest, most influential / connected banks in the land do something that looks dumb with $2.4 trillion dollars, it's pretty clear something has changed and we (I) simply haven't caught up yet.  Was this some fashion of quid pro quo, collusion, or have the rules of capitalism changed?
 
 

 
By September '08 (in expectation of the laws passage), excess reserves had already increased from a couple billion $'s to never seen before level of $59 billion…and up to $800 billion by years end 2008.  Of course, today $2.4 trillion in banking excess reserves are paid to sit and do nothing…while the Fed bemoans a lack of inflation?!?
 

Some Background:

In the US, bank reserves are held as FRB (Federal Reserve Bank) credit in FRB accounts, regardless whether the reserves are required or excess reserves beyond the Federal Reserve requirement.  The definition of reserves (and by extension excess reserves) are monies not lent out to customers to satisfy Federal Reserve set requirements.  One would think holding $2.4 trillion in excess reserves at 0.25% interest during one of the greatest bull market periods in history would be an opportunity cost as higher risk-adjusted interest could have been earned by putting these funds to use elsewhere.  Strange banks were seemingly disinterested in the misallocation of their funds?  Are there new or different requirements placed on the banks regarding reserves?
 
When the FSRA was passed in 2006, required reserves held at the Fed averaged about $8 billion and excess reserves under $2 billion.  As of August '08…little had changed and required and excess reserves still stood nearly as they had in 2006. 
  • Notably, required reserves held at the Fed had been declining from the high water mark of $37 billion in 1988 against then liabilities of about $3 trillion…a 12.5% ratio.  Obviously the leverage in '06 of $8 billion required reserves held against '06 liabilities of $8.5 trillion (less than 1% ratio) may have been a bit aggressive?  By Aug of '08, required reserves of $8 billion were held against liabilities of $10.9 trillion (a 0.7% ratio).
 
Against the Fed mandated declining required reserves, mortgage debt and total liabilities of all commercial banks had grown nearly 6-fold (below).
 
 
However, from September '08, the quantity of required reserves began steadily rising (below).
 
 
But excess reserves held at the Federal Reserve went ballistic.  The previously unutilized avenue of excess reserves at the Federal Reserve continuously rose, housing nearly 60% of all new banking liabilities from '08 onward.
 
 
Only 20% of the new liabilities were commercially lent and mortgage debt outstanding contracted, still to this day.


 

Was the FSRA and Fed's intent to create this massive holding of excess reserves?  The primary discussion prior to the law was around the required reserves and the payment of interest upon these.  And yet, now eight years subsequent to the laws implementation, required reserves are a tiny fraction of excess reserves.  As the chart below highlights, from 2000–>Aug, 2008 (pre-FSRA implementation) essentially none of the new deposits (net) had been placed with the Federal Reserve.  However, with immediate effect post FSRA, 57% of all new deposits from '08 through March, 2016 have (net) been held as excess reserves with the Fed.


 

Also interesting is that absent the utilization of this $2.4 trillion dollars (required and excess reserves combined), equities, RE, and most other asset classes (except the basis of all assets, commodities) have seemingly been unaffected and in fact have steadily risen 200% to 500% despite being starved of the new capital?!?
 
In order to see this phenomenon in it's fullness, the chart below highlights Fed Fund Rate % (FFR) vs. Excess Reserves.  The moment the FFR hit zero interest rate policy (ZIRP) in conjunction with implementation of IOER…this cheapening of credit theoretically should have been met with record new credit issuance but instead at ZIRP, credit began strongly contracting.  Banks stuffed the vast majority of new funds into a the Fed yielding 0.25% annually rather than lend?!?
 
 

The charts below are close ups of what happened with excess depository reserves during the past three recessions.

The chart below of the '91 recession shows the flash of reserves from just under a billion to $2.1 billion and the return of reserves to normal as interest rates were used to further heighten demand subsequent to the recessions conclusion.

 

 
Likewise, the chart below highlights the relationship in the '01 recession and safekeeping of assets associated with 9/11…
 
 
The chart below is the '08-'09 recession (vertical blue box with arrows top/bottom) and as rates hit zero, excess reserves ballooned from $2 billion to $1,200 billion.  And this is where during all previous recessions the Fed continued to push rates down and excess reserves went back to work.  But not this time.  Excess reserves continued to pile up "post recession" as rates did not decline as they had coming out of previous recessions…ZIRP did not turn into NIRP (negative interest rate policy).  The world was not ready for NIRP in '11.
 
 
Further, a massive implication of this quantity of reserves sitting at the Fed is the inability to effect interest rate policy as the Fed has since it's inception…via it's open market operations injecting or removing assets from bank reserves to impact overnight lending rates.  In order to effect rates as the Fed has done historically, the Fed would need to drain the excess $2.4 trillion in excess liquidity to effect an increasing tightness in overnight rates.  Clearly, the impact of draining this excess liquidity would likely be the equivalent of removing liquidity equal to 15% of US GDP.  The impact on equities, RE, bonds, etc. would not be pleasant.
 
*  *  *
 
So, lucky for us, the Fed in it's "wisdom" determined a means to raise rates without removing the excess reserves…or essentially rate hikes and QE simultaneously?!?  Pay the banks a higher interest rate to incent them not to lend the excess reserves!?!  The initial interest rate paid in '08 of 0.25% on a total of $10 billion was a relative rounding error.  Chump change by Federal .Gov standards.  But as the moonshot of excess reserves  headed toward infinity, a 0.25% turned into real money or about $6 billion paid to banks in 2015 not to lend.  But now with the Fed's rate hike cycle(?) underway, the Fed intends to continue hiking the interest paid corresponding to the Federal Funds Rate.  This means in 2016 (at the present 0.5% rate) banks will be owed $12.5 billion to not lend money!?!  Of course, if the rate cycle continues to say, 1% this year and 3% by 2018, and reserves don't decline substantially, banks will be paid about $75 billion annually by 2018 not to lend money (chart below).
 
As a final thought, a quick review of QE (charts below) shows that declining rates (based on 10yr treasury yields) were actually pushed upward during each QE period…and only once the completion date was announced did rates begin falling again.  Ultimately, rates were reduced by 100% from 5% to 0% but no net demand was spurred and instead outstanding mortgage debt has fallen by nearly $1 trillion.  Liabilities have increased by almost $3 trillion of which $2.4 trillion (80%) are excess reserves held with the Fed.

 
And a close-up of the Fed's QE and it's impact on the 10yr rate.  Likewise to the IOER's, the Treasury market yields are falling to century low rates on the absence of nearly all buyers since the abandonment of the BRICS (net) as of 2011 and all foreigners (net) plus the Fed since the completion of the Fed's taper.  These sources plus the fast waning intra-governmental buying via the SS surplus, had purchased 80%+ of all Treasury's since '00.  Now, in these sources absence of making any net new purchases, we are to believe the US public (pensions, insurers, institutions, and individuals) are buying around $50 billion of record low yielding treasury's…and again this has no negative impact on equity markets, RE, etc. etc. and instead all are near record valuations?!?
 
 
In a world in which growth is slowing, is it not strange that the Fed (privately owned by the largest banks in the world) would institute a system of rising payments rewarding banks for not taking risk or lending money!  This all tends to make believe that manipulation is the order of the day and the explanation is far simpler than most would believe, detailed Here.
 
And just in case you were wondering what the relationship of excess reserves, the Fed's balance sheet, and equity valuations looks like…here ya go.

 

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What Is Troubling Morgan Stanley: “We Haven’t Done Well Enough To Pack It In And Head Off To The Beach”

Some interesting laments from Morgan Stanely’s chief cross-asset strategist Andrew Sheets as he explains what appears to be troubling not just Morgan Stanley’s traders and researchers, but virtually all of Wall Street.

How Can a Good Year Be Bad?

If there’s a defining characteristic of 2016, it may be that few are enjoying it. Investors who entered the year optimistic were often forced to take losses by the year’s unrelenting start. Investors who entered the year negative often struggled to turn this around quickly enough as illiquid markets bounced ferociously off. Through the end of April, the average macro hedge fund was down 0.4% and the average long/short equity fund was down 3.8% (per Hedge Fund Research Indices). And if you work on the sell-side, 2016 hasn’t exactly been a barrel of laughs either.

We dwell on these difficulties only because, by a number of measures, 2016 hasn’t been bad. Global equities are down by only 0.6% YTD, despite the sharp fall at the start of the year. Global high yield is up 7.3%. EM hard-currency debt is up 7.6%. Oil is around 28% higher than where it started the year, and even global government bonds are up 8.4% on the year. US and emerging market equity volatility is now below the long-run average. As I write, I’m sure there is an individual investor in my hometown of Portland, Oregon sitting on a 50:50 portfolio of US stocks and bonds, soundly beating a large number of macro hedge funds.

For the rest of us, that’s precisely the challenge. Reasonable YTD returns are the result of significant normalisation in a short period (or, in the case of fixed income, an unsustainable rally in global yields). For German 10yr Bunds to produce the same four-month Sharpe ratio as they have through April 30, you’d need yields to hit -0.3% and volatility to realise at the lowest levels ever seen. Possible. But unlikely.

What this means, unsurprisingly, depends on who you ask. Many of our traders (whose views are, and should be, short term) are more likely to view this shortfall in YTD fund performance (among other factors) as a positive near-term technical. My research colleagues (who tend to focus on somewhat longer horizons) tend to sound more downbeat, and more worried about those normalised valuations and our below-consensus economic forecasts. And investors, understandably, are torn between the fear of buying now and top-ticking the market, and doing nothing and cementing sub-par gains.

In our view, two things are important as the summer approaches. First, the outlook for total return, and ‘beta’, does not look great. Bonds are very rich. Equities are modestly rich. Credit is better, but has re-priced significantly. The trade-off we see between volatility and our long-run return forecasts is lower than at the start of the year.

And yet, this uninspiring high-level picture gives way to quite a bit below the surface. We thought we’d struggle to find ideas for our Cross-Asset Playbook this month. We had too many. We think there is opportunity to be outright long in Greek government bonds, leveraged loans and CLO AAAs. We see good relative value in healthcare versus staples, Treasuries versus Bunds, and USD versus KRW. And we see reasonable ways to protect against potential summer volatility (at reasonable cost) by buying JPY, selling GBP, and taking advantage of low US and EM equity volatility.

It’s been a tough year. The summer does not look easy. Many of us haven’t done well enough to pack it in and head off to the beach. If that’s the bad news, the silver lining may be that pricing within and between asset classes is throwing up an outsized number of interesting opportunities.

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Goldman: The Median Stock Has Never Been More Overvalued

When Goldman warned on Friday that a “big drop” in the market is possible before the S&P hits the firm’s year end price target of 2,100, one of the bearish reasons brought up by the firm’s chief strategist David Kostin is that stocks are now massively overvalued. In fact, according to Goldman , while the aggregate market is more overvalued than 86% of all recorded instances, the median stocks has never been more overvalued, i.e., is in the 100% valuation percentile, according to some key metrics such as Price-to-Earnings growth and EV/sales.

This is what Goldman said:

Valuation is a necessary starting point of any drawdown risk analysis. At 16.7x the forward P/E multiple of the S&P 500 index ranks in the 86th percentile relative to the last 40 years. Most other metrics paint a similar picture of extended valuation. The median stock in the index trades at the 99th percentile of historical valuation on most metrics (see Exhibit 3).

 

Goldman’s conclusion: “The most likely future path of US equities involves a lower valuation.”

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“There’s A Crisis Coming” US Officials Increasingly Concerned At Venezuelan Meltdown

As Venezuela gives the world a first hand look at how socialism ends, the U.S. is growing more and more concerned about how everything is going to play out once the meltdown is complete.

The concern of course is valid, as at this point, the immediate future looks quite grim. Looters have taken to the streets, clearing supermarket shelves of all available food as the country begins to starve, and in order to try and preserve the what little time he has left, president Maduro recently declared a 60-day state of emergency.

According to Reuters, senior U.S. officials doubt that President Maduro will be able to complete his term, which ends after elections in late 2018. As the U.S. kicks around possible scenarios for how this will all end, from a referendum vote to military coup, one thing is becoming more and more certain: "You know there's a crisis coming."

The United States is increasingly concerned about the potential for an economic and political meltdown in Venezuela, spurred by fears of a debt default, growing street protests and deterioration of its oil sector, U.S. intelligence officials said on Friday.

 

In a bleak assessment of Venezuela's worsening crisis, the senior officials expressed doubt that unpopular leftist President Nicolas Maduro would allow a recall referendum this year, despite opposition-led protests demanding a vote to decide whether he stays in office.

 

But the two officials, briefing a small group of reporters in Washington, predicted that Maduro, who heads Latin America’s most ardently anti-U.S. government and a major U.S. oil supplier, was not likely to be able to complete his term, which is due to end after elections in late 2018.

 

They said one “plausible” scenario would be that Maduro’s own party or powerful political figures would force him out and would not rule out the possibility of a military coup. Still, they said there was no evidence of any active plotting or that he had lost support from the country’s generals.

 

The officials appeared to acknowledge that Washington has little leverage in how the situation unfolds in Venezuela, where any U.S. role draws government accusations of U.S.-aided conspiracies. Instead, the administration of President Barack Obama wants "regional" efforts to help keep the country from sliding into chaos.

 

“You can hear the ice cracking. You know there’s a crisis coming,” one U.S. official said. “Our pressure on this isn’t going to resolve this issue.”

A crisis isn't "coming", to be clear it has already arrived. Following the state of emergency, which extended a decree granting Maduro extended powers to act in the face of a deep economic crisis, the president threatened to take over idle factories and jail their owners who are trying to "sabotage the country" by halting production. Of course, "sabotage" may be the wrong word to use. Last month, Empresas Polar, the country's largest food and beverage distributor, shut down its last beer plant due to its inability to access dollars needed to pay foreign suppliers. Perhaps Maduro forgot that the currency exchange process is controlled by the government.

Further evidence of deterioration comes from the fact that Caracas is filled with both pro-government and anti-government crowds arguing back and forth whether or not the 1.8 million signatures collected in favor of a referendum are valid enough to move forward with.

"If you obstruct the democratic way, we do not know what could happen in this country. Venezuela is a bomb that could explode at any moment." Said opposition leader Henrique Capriles.

On the other side of things, Maduro ally Jorge Rodriguez claims there will be no recall referendum, as "they got signatures from dead people, minors and undocumented workers."

As the crisis deepens, the protests and violent clashes will intesify. To survive, Maduro is taking the only path available right now, which is to grab as much power as possible and try to hang on until the bitter end.

* * *

As an added bonus for readers, we remind everyone that the world's favorite banker stepped up back in 2014 to become Venezuela's loan shark as the country was on its way to liquidating whatever assets it could in order to generate cash flow. At that time, Goldman Sachs purchased $4bn worth of oil debt (for 41% of its value) from Venezuela that was owed by the Dominican Republic in the ultimate example of factoring. We find ourselves wondering just what else Goldman managed to get themselves into prior to Venezuela's complete implosion.

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This Is Why America Is Bringing “Freedom” To The Middle East

Submitted by Jim Quinn via The Burning Platform blog,

I can’t figure out why we are so concerned about the Middle East. Can you?

If we are swimming in shale oil and our future is driver-less electric cars, why are we so concerned about the Middle East?

After 15 years in Afghanistan, the opium crop is at record high levels. How could that be? I thought we were there to modernize and democratize their country. At least heroine in the U.S. is now cheaper than a happy meal at McDonalds. 

Courtesy of: Visual Capitalist

We’ll start with the obvious: the number one export for many countries here is crude oil or related petroleum products. Middle Eastern countries made up a significant portion of global oil export revenues during 2015 with shipments valued at $325 billion or 41.3% of global crude oil exports.

Saudi Arabia, Iraq, United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, Iran, and Oman were all among the top 15 exporters of crude oil in 2015. Russia and Kazakhstan, countries on the Central Asian part of the map, were also members of that same group.

Regimes in the region found that there were many other corollary benefits from this economic might. Unrest could be stifled by rising wealth, and these countries would also have more influence than they otherwise would in global affairs. Saudi Arabia is a good example in both cases, though a major driver of Saudi influence has been slipping in recent years.

 

Outside of Oil

Aside from exports of oil, there are some other interesting subtleties to this map. One of the most advanced economies in the region, Israel, is not dependent on oil exports at all. The country has had to find other ways to create value in the global market and its three major exports include electronics and software, cut diamonds, and pharmaceuticals.

War-torn Afghanistan, which is not a significant producer of petroleum on the world market, gets the majority of its export revenue from different natural resource. Opium is Afghanistan’s most valuable cash crop, and opiates such as opium, morphine, and heroin are its largest export. Fetching an estimated value of $3 billion at border prices, it was estimated to make up about 15% of the country’s GDP equivalent in 2013.

Lastly, countries on the map without oil wealth tend to be less influential on the world stage from a geopolitical perspective. Armenia, for example, mainly exports pig iron, unwrought copper, and nonferrous metals and is the world’s 138th largest exporter by dollar value, ranked in between Jamaica and Swaziland. Surrounded geographically by countries that Yerevan considers hostile, Armenia has increasingly turned to Russia for its support.

 

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Rogue Wave

Rogue Wave

By

Cognitive Dissonance

 

www.TwoIceFloes.com

 

It is the stuff of legends and lore dating back through all of recorded history, of sinking ships and sea monsters, of tall tales and tragic deaths. The problem was obvious; any credible witness to a rogue wave usually didn’t survive the rogue wave, thereby relegating the actual phenomenon to the loony tune category by the so-called ‘experts’.

In an authoritarian culture only the authorities can declare something ‘real’ regardless of how much evidence has been previously offered. It took an actual ‘scientific’ measurement in the North Sea off Norway on New Year’s Day, 1995 aboard the Draupner platform to convince the scientists (aka the authorities) there really was such a thing as a rogue wave.

The charted output of that instrumented event, described as the Draupner wave, is seen below and clearly indicates an extreme aberration, a bolt of lightning out of the blue if you will, a single wave easily twice the average height of the largest waves and three to four times the average height of the smallest.

 

Draupner Wave Graph

Measured from the trough to crest, the Draupner Wave was 25 meters/82 feet tall.

 

Since the impact force of a wave is an exponential function of its height (assuming the same velocity of compared waves) you can clearly understand why no modern ship is designed to survive a direct hit from a wave of this magnitude. 15 meter/49 foot waves from trough to crest is the current design standard, while the Draupner was nearly 25 m/82 ft tall, thus the reason for rarity of eye witnesses to these events. The only reason the measuring device, an on-board laser, survived to tell the tale was because it was secured to a gas pipeline platform anchored to the sea bottom and suspended above this monster wave.

Interestingly the 2001 European Space Agency’s MaxWave project illustrated that rogue waves, in this case defined as waves at least 25 m/82 ft in height, are not as rare as previously assumed. Using satellite data from a three week period of time, they identified ten rogue waves in total. Even so, considering these ten rogues were spread over the entire globe and scattered amongst billions of ordinary waves, it is understandable why the vast majority of seamen never encountered one and the scientists were so skeptical.

So……aside from being a mildly interesting subject to some, and an even greater fascination to those of us who harbor an inner geek, why am I writing about rogue waves?

The answer is simple……and once we overcome our own cognitive dissonance, glaringly self evident. A socioeconomic rogue wave is bearing down on us. And no one, regardless of their financial security or psychological stability, will remain undisturbed.

Some will be hit broadside and succumb quickly, battered and beaten to a bloody pulp. Others, more prepared, resilient or just plain lucky, will suffer only a glancing blow resulting more in psychological shock at the near miss than actual physiological damage to life and limb.

But for the vast majority of us, and by ‘us’ I mean billions of my fellow humans worldwide (not to mention an even greater number of nonhuman creatures) for better or worse, what is about to unfold will change our lives forever. And from what I have been able to discern, this is not an exaggeration and might just be a colossal understatement.

Of course, this isn’t the first rogue wave humanity has faced and most certainly it will not the last. But, at least based upon recorded history, this is the most powerful if only because so many globally will be affected.

Earlier I showed a graph of the wave action just before, and immediately after, the rogue wave off Norway. The time frame is minuscule, just 600 seconds or 10 minutes, merely a blink of the eye when compared to a human lifetime. Even so, many will never experience a socioeconomic rogue wave because their human existence will fall somewhere within the long duration trough between rogue crests.

This is not to say we don’t experience severe buffeting, extreme suffering or even personal growth during the ‘relative’ calm period between rogue wave crests. But what appear to be mild sea conditions when viewed from the crest are in fact rough seas and large waves when viewed at sea level and from the human perspective.

 

The Rough Seas of Life

Life can be extremely rough even without a rouge wave bearing down.

 

We call this ‘normal’ sea condition ‘life’, and it can be brutal even during the best of times. A lifetime of heavy weather and high seas inflicts its toll, leaving deep scars and crippled souls just as effectively as any rogue would.

It’s not as if I am speaking about an event entirely unforeseen or unexpected by a wide range of people. More and more these days, people I speak with express a growing sense of foreboding and fear. They feel something looming, but are powerless to explain what it is other than to point towards the usual suspects of government, money, jobs and war.

The problem is most of those with whom I converse have no direct experience with a rogue wave other than possibly anecdotally. The last generation to fully suffer the onslaught and survive has mostly passed away over the last 10-20 years. Ironically this is precisely why we have reached the point where the next one is due.

For while wind and wave action, storms and prevailing sea all play a part in creating an actual rogue ‘wave’, the socioeconomic maelstrom headed our way is entirely man made. Which means it is most assuredly preventable and most definitely predictable in its occurrence, if not the exact arrival time.  

As the chart below perfectly illustrates, the timeline of countries issuing the prevailing reserve currency neatly fits the long duration trough between rogue wave crests. This time span roughly equals 4-5 generations (a generation is considered to be 20-25 years) just long enough for the memory of the last catastrophe to be washed away from the collective consciousness and the profitable misdeeds from the past once again ripe for repeating.

 

Reserve Currencies

Some events of note occurring around the transition from one reserve currency to another.

 

The difference this time? Ultimately the destructive capacity of any rogue wave is based upon its volume and velocity. In nearly all the examples shown on the reserve currency chart except present day, the ‘known world’, meaning those currencies that controlled commerce and people’s minds within a geographic location, did not encompass the globe or its entire population. Far from it in fact.

Those within the influence of previous reserve currency collapses definitely suffered each time the rogue passed. But there were always nations, resources and people outside the reserve currency system which acted as a buffer when the rogue wave roared through. Such is not the case this time, at least not to the same extent previously. And the proof is perfectly clear when carefully examined. When the Federal Reserve sneezes, emerging nations and their economies suffer massive convulsions.

It truly is different this time because the volume of the coming rogue wave will encircle the globe. Like a massive tsunami, the ripples and reverberations will be massively destructive and circle the globe many times until its energy is finally dissipated.

Only then, after the rogue has passed and the water receded, will the really substantial damage begin to manifest as cultures and civilizations break down politically, economically and socially. In my opinion this will occur relatively slowly as governments institute stopgap measures and emergency programs in an effort to halt the descent towards a substantially lower energy level. Think of it as socioeconomic Delirium Tremens.

This will also be the time when the next reserve currency fully emerges from its gestation period and takes its spot at the top. But the old guard will not go quietly into the night and I suspect great wars will be fought during this transition period. One can only hope it doesn’t go nuclear.

What I find even more frightening, and I suspect so do all the major central bankers and assorted operatives, is the velocity of the rogue wave now breaking the horizon. However, I don’t necessarily speak of the speed of its approach because I suspect this game of monetary insanity can carry on for years to come in one form or another. These are, after all, desperate men doing desperate things.

Rather I speak primarily about financial leverage when I say ‘velocity’. A perfect example of leverage most people would understand is the leverage employed when buying a home. When I was growing up in the 50’s and 60’s, one needed at least a 20% down payment before the bank would even consider lending you the other 80% to purchase your home. Thus you were leveraging your 20% investment by 5 times (5 to 1) to purchase the home.

These days a 10% down payment is much more common (resulting in 10-1 leverage) and during the last housing ‘boom’ (as in ka-boom) no money down was offered by lenders to move housing stock. Essentially that works out to an infinite leverage since you bring nothing to the closing table. Just a few months back a major housing lender lowered the down payment required to as little as 3%. Here we go again.

But ‘consumer’ leverage rates are minuscule compared to those regularly employed by banks, brokers, hedge funds, pensions, private capital, governments and, most dangerously, central banks.

For example, the Federal Reserve has less than $50 billion of ‘capital’ (think down payment) supporting a balance sheet of $4 trillion (think the total loan on the house). The math shows the Fed’s leverage ratio to be at least 80-1. And I was being extremely generous stating the Fed has $50 billion in capital. In reality it has even less.

 

Leverage

Archimedes using less leverage than the Federal Reserve.

 

Most commercial banks are running leverage of 25-1 or more. And this number is low as well because the banks regularly use off balance sheet methods to hide a lot more leverage they (and their regulator, the Federal Reserve) don’t wish to publicly acknowledge.

When I first entered the financial field back in 1990, leverage numbers such as these were considered reckless beyond imagination and grounds for criminal prosecution of the responsible executives and possibly the pulling of their banking charter and the disposition of the bank into more prudent management hands. Now it is considered ‘normal’ and encouraged by those who should be stopping it.

And in my opinion it’s only going to get worse, not better, from here. I say this with great clarity and certainty since I see absolutely no evidence anywhere the powers that be are leveraging down and pulling back from the abyss.

Combine the global reach of the insanity with the utterly explosive leverage employed by the socioeconomic (and psychopathic) money masters and you get not just an ordinary rogue wave, but one several times larger than the world has ever experienced.

No wonder economic madness is piled on top of even more madness in a desperate attempt to delay the inevitable. The unspoken truth here is the monetary manipulations and interventions must escalate on an exponential scale just to stay two steps ahead of disaster. And that two step gap is rapidly diminishing.

What is not sustainable will not sustain. When the rogue wave strikes, the long term devastation will be mind boggling and literally a death warrant for millions, either directly through a systemic economic crash or from the (world) wars fought both before and afterward to scapegoat blame and resource grab.

I don’t know how you, or I, or anyone else will survive, or even thrive, during the coming rogue wave. Nor, if I am to be perfectly frank, do I know exactly how this will all work out in the end.

I can surmise and plan based upon logic, educated guesses and the study of controlled human nature. But to say I, or anyone else for that matter, knows with a high degree of certainty exactly what is going to happen is nothing more than a dismal demonstration in self deception and delusional thinking. The devil is in the big and small details.

Nevertheless, with similar frankness I declare there are one or two things I do know. While it is impossible to prepare the body for every conceivable threat and circumstance (though this will not stop some from trying) we can prepare the mind and spirit for just about anything, including death, by jettisoning preconceived notions and beliefs and embracing flexibility of mind and spirit.

In my very limited experience I have found the mind and spirit become immobilized if the body is perceived to be in anything less than immediate danger. Particularly if the danger is not well defined, but still considered (life) threatening. The control system utilizes this technique to freeze us in place like deer caught in the headlights. In effect we become our own worst enemy.

 

Deer in headlights

We’ve all been here. The only question is….how long do we stay here?

 

Spend enough time in a fear based environment and suddenly there seems to be no way out, since everywhere we turn perceptional impediments block our way. Soon enough we believe the only clear path forward is the path we presently travel, often laid out by others who do not share our own best interest.

Believed to be trapped, apathy and depression soon settle in, further compelling us to seek out alternative methods to ‘escape’ via physical, emotional and spiritual diversions. Obsessive compulsive behavior, including the full gamut of various addictions and ‘isms’, often emerges in those who can see no future and wish to ignore, deny and anesthetize.

Speaking as one who remains clean and sober after 26 years, thus possessing a modicum of credibility on the subject, the key to finding an alternative path is to first acknowledge our paralysis, then making the decision to move beyond. This, of course, assumes we even (wish to) recognize our failure to mobilize in the face of the oncoming rogue wave.

I readily acknowledge a universe of reasons why the coming catastrophe can, and will, be denied or downplayed by those who are certain this could never happen (‘they’ will never let that happen) will assume we are all doomed anyway (what’s the sense, we’re all gonna die) or are simply comfortably numb (don’t Bogart that SSRI my friend). In reality there are always a million reasons not to act and barely one or two to do so.

As long as the herd is grazing (relatively) peacefully, from a psychological point of view it is much safer to burrow deeper into the perceived safety of the herd than to strike off on a contrarian path. Within the mind of the denier, the apathetic and the depressed, what is coveted above all else is affirmation from the herd we are doing what is best. First we lie to ourselves and then we seek affirmation from external ‘authorities’ that our lie is in fact truth. And the ultimate authority is the mindless herd.

Few have the stomach to walk the lonely path of the contrarian; fewer still have the stomach to lie to themselves and not seek external affirmation of their lie. Truth is self evident and needs neither confirmation nor affirmation. But the lie is voracious in its desperate need to be constantly confirmed and the liar affirmed.

I cannot, and will not, tell you which way forward is the best because I don’t know. I’m not even certain the steps Mrs. Cog and I are taking to prepare are correct. All we can do is to remain as flexible as possible with our physical assets and our mental thought process.

Nor will I pontificate about expected arrival times of the rogue wave, for that is a fool’s errand pure and simple. It could arrive in a few months, a few years or even a few decades. The powers that be are quite adept at keeping the balls in the air.

On the other hand, ultimately the arrival depends not so much upon the machinations of the money masters as the degree of faith and belief the population wishes to invest in the crumbling regime. Those who control and promote the economic madness are not the only desperate men out there. As the rogue continues its approach, the herd will sense encroaching danger and plead with those who ultimately created the wave to save them from the wave.

Thus self destructive collective bargains will be struck and the day of reckoning will be moved back a short distance. While the can will not be kicked down the road forever, it can be kicked further than you and I think possible. All it requires is an ever increasing price to be paid in the form of the citizen’s consent to greater burdens and deprivations. And by ‘consent’ I don’t necessarily mean ‘willing’.

One thing appears clear to me. You and I have more time than we think, but less time than we need to properly prepare. To paraphrase Ernest Hemingway, the rogue wave will approach gradually, then suddenly. The question is not if you will prepare, but do you have the inner courage to prepare now for a nearly certain event of potentially catastrophic power arriving at an unknown time.

 

05-15-2016

Cognitive Dissonance

 

Rogue Wave

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Mexican President Warns Of War If “Gringo” Trump Wins The White House

Donald Trump certainly knows how to manipulate the media and ruffle some feathers in order to get a reaction, this we know. Trump’s plan to build a wall on the Mexican border doesn’t need to be rehashed here, but one person who has let Trump’s rhetoric on the subject get under his skin is former Mexican president Vicente Fox.

Fox has been on an emotional roller coaster ever since Trump started in with his criticisms of Mexico.

Initially, Fox took to the airwaves to let everyone know that the wall Trump has said Mexico will pay for, ya, he’s not going to be paying for that.

“I declare, I’m not going to pay for that f*cking wall”

 

As Ben Mathis from Kickass Politics writes:

“in his frankest interview yet, former Mexican President Vicente Fox pulls no punches about the man he calls a “false prophet.”  It was recorded the same week as his apology to Donald Trump, and President Fox strike a very different tone, doubling down on “I’m not going to pay for the f_cking wall” and adding “and please don’t take out the f_cking full word.” Vicente Fox compares the man he calls the “hated gringo” and “ugly American” to Latin American dictators like Hugo Chavez and Juan Peron.  He also warns that if Trump starts a trade war, then Mexico could retaliate by stopping or limiting money transfers and remittances for US corporations and American tourists in Mexico.  Because as Vicente Fox says “Don’t play around with us, we can jump walls, we can swim rivers, & we can defend ourselves.”  And he warns that if Trump becomes President, he “could take us to a war, not just a trade war.” 

At one point, Fox went as far as to warn Trump not to play around with Mexicans, and that if the rhetoric keeps up it could literally lead to war.

“We’re coming back to the era of the ugly American. The gringo was hated all around the world, and this guy pretty soon he got the title. He is the ugly American, he is the hated gringo, because he’s attacking all of us, he’s offending all of us. Imagine, I mean that could take us to a war. Not to a trade war.

 

Don’t play around with us, we can jump walls, we can swim rivers, we can defend ourselves.”

 

After all of the venting, Fox then softened a bit, and issued an apology in an interview with Breitbart.

“I’m humble enough, as leaders should be, compassionate leader, if I offended you I’m sorry. But what about the other way around.”

While Vicente Fox may not be indicative of how all world leaders would react to a President Trump, it is safe to say that every single day would be an adventure in the geopolitical arena if and when the former reality tv star and media hungry businessman becomes the next President of the United States.

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Anti-Trump Republicans Court Mark Cuban To Run As Third Party Candidate

Following a recent vocal critique by Mark Cuban of the state of the 2016 presidential election, the billionaire owner of the Dallas Mavericks said that Anti-Trump Republicans courted him to run for president in a third-party bid, according to a WaPo report. Cuban, who rejected the advances, nonetheless expressed confidence about his ability to take on the presumptive GOP nominee in an election.

“He could come after me all he wanted, and he knows I would put him in his place,” Cuban told the Post. “All that said, again, I don’t see it happening. There isn’t enough time.” Which is unfortunate if only for ad sales: the TV ratings on debates featuring Trump, Hillary and Cuban would have surely broken all records.

“It would have been fun to run against Donald,” Cuban said, in the past tense, in an email to CNNMoney.

Cuban declined to name the republicans who were involved but said they told him that his “bluster and volume, combined with substance and the ability to connect with voters on a more personal basis,” would make him a viable candidate.

“My conversations with them were minimal,” he said. “They reached out to my right-hand man who is my D.C. guy.”

According to CNN, Cuban shares some qualities with Trump – both are brash billionaires with reality TV experience and social media expertise. Cuban-for-president murmurs pop up from time to time, partly spurred by Cuban’s own comments.

Last fall he said he would “crush” both Trump and Hillary Clinton if he ran, but said “I have no interest in running.”

The “Never Trump” forces might have been interested in Cuban because he could “out-trump Trump,” the Post said Saturday.

As CNN adds, Cuban has a Trump-like hold on the media megaphone, but he seems to recognize that a third-party bid for president is fantastical, especially with less than six months to go until Election Day.

In a world where future presidents increasignly have to be billionaires, fellow billionaire and former New York City mayor Michael Bloomberg contemplated a third party bid earlier this year but concluded he could not win. Likewise with Cuban, who told CNNMoney that the discussions with the anti-Trump leaders were short-lived. And “as a third party it’s too late,” he said.

But he also identified a few reasons why the idea intrigued him, no matter how far-fetched it might be.

“I think the time is right for a technology literate entrepreneur to run for president,” he said. “Someone who has had to grind to achieve success and can relate as well to those that follow Bernie as those that think the system is broken and follow Trump. The issue for any such candidate is that the process is broken. It’s a circus rather than a learning process for all involved.”

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The Eurozone Is Leaking Cash

EuroZone

The confidence in the European banking system is decreasing on an almost daily basis. Six years after the global financial crisis, most of the European banks are still struggling to meet the minimum requirements of the regulatory bodies that are supervising the ‘health’ of the financial system. After the GFC, the European system had to deal with a Greek, Italian, Portuguese and Spanish crisis, and several banks needed to be bailed out through either a straight ‘nationalization’ or a ‘government-incentivized’ merger with a stronger counterparty (which was used in both Spain and Portugal).

One would think that in all these years the banks would have been able to clean up the mess on their balance sheets. The American counterparties have just recently started to pay (more substantial) dividends again after their shareholders had to survive on water and bread for a  few more years. Unfortunately that’s not what the European banks did, and most of them continued to pay very attractive dividends to their shareholders, even when their portfolios had to absorb losses related to the PIGS-exposure.

Needless to say the European financial system isn’t anywhere as ‘strong’ as the American system, and as the banks are starting another round of releasing financial results that are missing expectations, the fears are increasing again. Throw in the fact the interest rates on savings accounts are barely positive and you’ll understand why we think an explosive cocktail is developing in Euro-land.

After seeing the total value of the deposits on the banks in the Euro-system peak at 3 Trillion Euro in 2012, everything started to slide downhill until a bottom at the end of 2014, followed by a sharp reversal towards a sharply increasing amount of deposits on the banks’ balance sheets. You might think this is the result of an increased level of confidence in the banks, but oh no. A large part of this effect was caused by more countries joining the Eurozone (Latvia and Lithuania), and even though these two Baltic countries were quite small (the total GDP is just $80B on a combined basis), the perception of the increasing amount of deposits should be considered in light of what really happened.

ECB Deposits

Source: ECB

And what’s going on right now? According to the recently disclosed data from the European Central Bank, the total amount of deposits decreased for the first time in 15 months, in March. The ECB hasn’t disclosed any more recent data but we dare to bet the total value of the deposits on the accounts will continue to decrease in April and May as the health of the financial system has once again been undermined. Combine the increased uncertainty with the ultra-low interest rates, and there’s no reason why anyone would like to keep the cash on the bank, risking a bail-in.

ECB Money Supply

Source: ECB

Indeed, that’s exactly what happens with the cash that is being injected in the financial system. In the previous image you can see a visualization of the M3 money supply in the Eurozone, and these data points are also provided by the ECB. Sure, a part of the additional money creation is also caused by the new countries joining the Eurozone, but as we explained before, the economies of the new participants are relatively small and haven’t moved the needle as  much as the printing presses of the ECB did.

So what happens with the all the money that is being pumped in the Eurosystem if the M3 Money supply continues to increase whilst the total value of the deposits at the banks is decreasing? That’s right. Europeans have started to hoard cash, and we don’t think the next image needs any more explanation.

ECB Cash

Source: ECB

Indeed. Approximately 30% of the total value of the cash + deposits consists of hard cash, and that’s exactly the reason why the stories of a cash-less society have been surfacing again. In just one year, the members of the Eurozone have increased their cash positions with approximately 65B EUR. Or to make it even more interesting, in excess of 11% of the total GDP of the Eurozone is now circulating in cash. This doesn’t sound impressive, but if you realize that back in 2002 just 4% of the GDP of the Eurozone was held in cash, the evolution is pretty clear.

Since 2002, the size of the Eurozone has increased by 74% whilst the total amount of cash in circulation has increased by a stunning 267%.

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