Should A Clerkship Application Be Summarily Rejected For Having A Minor Error?

One of my most important roles is advising my students on clerkships. This process has changed significantly since I clerked from 2009-12. (I wrote about my story here.) Back in the day, under the hiring plan, law students would apply to clerkships over the summer after 2L. Judges were only allowed to contact applicants on a particular day in early September. And all interviews would be conducted over the the following week. Of course judges cheated then. Indeed, these “off plan” hires led to the implosion of the plan.

Today, we live in a free-for-all. I am reliably informed that at top-ranked schools, judges interview students and make offers before the first semester of grades are released. Some judges will hire students after they graduate college before they begin law school. Soon enough, high school students will start lining up judicial clerkships. Why wait?

At most other law schools, the clerkship process begins in earnest after two semesters of grades are released. By the time three semesters of grades are released, students are already interviewing for positions and accepting offers. Students can then apply for a second clerkship (the trend) with their fourth semester of grades. Most 3Ls in the clerkship game already have their careers planned out for several years.

As they say, don’t hate the player, hate the game. I work closely with my students at South Texas. I would submit that our clerk placement rate rivals schools that have been in the game for far longer. You can see our clerk roster here. But these efforts take a lot of work at very early junctures. Invariably, students have to target specific judges based on a range of factors, and hope the process works out. If they are dinged for unexpected reasons, it may become too late to rally for other judges.

One of the most difficult aspects of this process is the application screen. Imagine a student submits an application with a superlative package. They are top of their class, have glowing references professors who got to know them personally, thrived on journal and moot court, plus had relevant legal experience. The student has done everything right since they stepped foot on campus. But there is a glitch in the resume or the cover letter or the writing sample. Mind you, these materials have been reviewed by the student countless times, and also screened by professors and career service staff. Yet, something slipped through.

Should the application automatically be nixed? I can see both sides of the equation.

On the one hand, judges need to be able to implicitly rely on a clerk. That relationship requires that the student to have a exceptional attention to detail. Any error that leaves chambers ultimately falls to the judge, not the clerk. As the argument goes, if a student can submit a clerkship application with an error, that shows a lack of judgment that will infect the entire clerkship. How can this student be trusted? Application rejected. And for what it’s worth, when a clerk application is rejected, the applicant will seldom figure out why. After years of excellent work, a stray hyphen or a margin error can quietly disqualify the candidate for career-altering clerkship.

On the other hand, a clerkship application must be viewed as a whole. The resume is the sort of document that is reviewed so many times that errors become invisible. I think most professors have experienced this sort of fatigue when reviewing the same law review article through multiple rounds. Litigators have similar experience with briefs. The usual remedy is to have a fresh set of eyes to look over the materials–whether research assistants, student editors, or fellow associates. But doesn’t that fresh look defeat a primary purpose of the application: to determine the applicant’s attention to detail. Thus, there is a paradox. Applicants who try to play by the rules, and do not seek outside help, are more likely to include disqualify errors. Applicants who skirt the rules, and seek outside help, are less likely to include disqualify errors, and the judge will never know it. And now with AI, I have very little trust that the work students submit is actually their work. The importance of the written application becomes far less than the value of the references.

As regular readers of my posts can guess, I am not one to disqualify people for small errors–especially when the application is otherwise excellent. We should never judge a person by their worst moment, especially when every other aspect of the application is golden. Are typos and errors a problem for courts? You bet they are. Don’t believe me? The Supreme Court has an errata page for all of the corrections to opinions. Mind you, these are opinions reviewed by some of the smartest law school graduates around and double-checked a full staff of editors at the Court who scan citations. Errors will always slip through. It’s okay. I think most parties would rather have a timely opinion that gets the law right than an absolutely flawless opinion that takes far longer.

Still, I warn all of my students that failure to strictly scrutinize their clerkship applications could lead to a summary rejection, and they will never know it. It can’t be my job to find these errors, so the burden falls on them.

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David Sacks Exposes New York Times For Shielding Reid Hoffman In Epstein Files

David Sacks Exposes New York Times For Shielding Reid Hoffman In Epstein Files

Authored by Steve Watson via Modernity.news,

Venture capitalist David Sacks has slammed The New York Times for its glaring failure to scrutinize Reid Hoffman, the LinkedIn co-founder emerging as the top Silicon Valley figure in the explosive Jeffrey Epstein files.

In a scathing segment on the All-In Podcast, Sacks highlighted how the establishment media targets right-leaning tech moguls while giving a free pass to left-wing donors deeply entangled with Epstein.

“Brad, you speak about the corruption of power centers. I think a major one has to be The New York Times,” Sacks urged.

“The number-one person in the Epstein files from Silicon Valley which is Reid Hoffman mentioned 2,600 times had a multiyear relationship with Epstein and they call each other very good friends. They did deals together,” Sacks explained.

He continued, “Reid stayed at the trifecta which is not just the island but the townhouse and the New Mexico ranch. And if you’re gonna write about Mark Zuckerberg organize that famous dinner how can you not mention that as the root of Epstein’s involvement in Silicon Valley?”

“And yet Reid just gets a mentioned in one sentence of article along with several other people,” Sacks stressed.

He accused the Times of selective outrage, noting “It is crazy. I mean The New York Times clearly has a list people they consider approved targets. They are all right coded people like Elon or Peter Thiel.”

“And they become targets but the people who have donated hundreds millions dollars to the Democrat Party and have paid for dirty tricks against Trump, they basically are spared. Honestly this is just emblematic of the whole institutional rot in a distrust in the country right there,” Sacks explained.

“Part of the cabal, it’s part of the institutions that people are losing faith in, and you know Epstein was a scumbag and the fact of matter is we’re not seeing equal play on both sides,” Sacks further urged.

The remarks come amid fresh revelations from the Justice Department’s massive Epstein document dump, which includes emails showing Hoffman’s ongoing interactions with the convicted sex offender long after his 2008 plea deal.

Newly unsealed emails reveal Hoffman discussing visits to Epstein’s notorious private island, his New Mexico ranch, and his New York apartment. One 2015 message has Epstein boasting about a “wild dinner” with Hoffman, Mark Zuckerberg, and others.

The Free Beacon detailed how Hoffman maintained the relationship years after claiming it ended, including Skype calls, sushi meetings, and phone dates—all while Epstein name-dropped tech elites to lure investments.

Hoffman denies any wrongdoing.

This selective media coverage underscores a broader pattern where globalist insiders and Democrat funders evade accountability, while critics of the establishment face relentless attacks.

The following thread (click through) details the extent of the relationship between Epstein and Hoffman.

As the Epstein saga unravels, it exposes how power protects its own, fueling public distrust in institutions that prioritize partisan loyalty over truth.

Our earlier report detailed House Oversight Chairman James Comer’s push to question Bill Gates on his Epstein ties, amid bipartisan demands for answers. This aligns with Sacks’ critique of uneven scrutiny on elite figures.

We also covered Hillary Clinton’s attempt to turn her deposition into a public spectacle, dodging private grilling.

A further chilling email we covered hinted at depopulation discussions between Epstein and Gates, interpreted by some as elite scheming.

And then there are the tunnels. What was going on with the tunnels?

Your support is crucial in helping us defeat mass censorship. Please consider donating via Locals or check out our unique merch. Follow us on X @ModernityNews.

Tyler Durden
Sun, 02/08/2026 – 11:40

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Nearly 2,000 Truckers Deemed Unfit Are Removed From American Roads

Nearly 2,000 Truckers Deemed Unfit Are Removed From American Roads

Authored by Naveen Athrappully via The Epoch Times (emphasis ours),

Almost 2,000 truckers deemed to be unqualified to drive on U.S. roads have been removed, with several arrested and many vehicles put out of service, the Department of Transportation (DOT) said in a Feb. 6 statement.

Trucks line up next to the border wall before crossing to the United States at Otay commercial port in Tijuana, Mexico, on Jan. 22, 2025. Guillermo Arias/AFP via Getty Images

The action came as part of the first wave of Operation SafeDRIVE, a “high-visibility, multi-state enforcement and education effort focused on reducing dangerous driving behaviors, ensuring drivers are properly qualified, and addressing unsafe drivers and vehicles on the nation’s roadways,” the department said.

Inspectors from the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration teamed up with law enforcement partners in 26 states and the District of Columbia in the three-day effort, Jan. 13 to 15, carrying out “targeted enforcement actions along major freight corridors and other high-risk locations.”

The operation resulted in 8,215 inspections, with 56 truckers being arrested for driving under the influence and illegally being present in the United States, DOT said. A total of 1,231 vehicles were put out of service.

Out of the 2,000 truckers, 704 were removed from service, including nearly 500 for violating English proficiency standards. The removal of these 500 truckers follows the Trump administration’s implementation of English language proficiency requirements for truck drivers.

President Donald Trump signed an executive order in March designating English as the official language of the United States. In April, he signed another executive order that instructed Transportation Secretary Sean P. Duffy to remove commercial truck drivers failing English proficiency tests.

Proficiency in English should be a “non-negotiable safety requirement for professional drivers,” Trump wrote in the order. “They should be able to read and understand traffic signs, communicate with traffic safety, border patrol, agricultural checkpoints, and cargo weight-limit station officers.”

Derek D. Barrs, administrator of the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration, said the recent operation was about safety of the trucking sector. When drivers ignore rules or operate without having proper qualifications, they put lives at risk, he said.

Duffy said Operation SafeDRIVE “shows what happens when we work together with our law enforcement partners to pull unqualified drivers and vehicles off American roads.”

We need a whole-of-government approach to ensure the Trump administration’s strong standards of safety are in place to protect American families and reduce road accidents.

Crackdown on Unqualified Truckers

The crackdown on unqualified truck drivers comes amid incidents of illegal immigrants being involved in truck-related accidents.

In August, an illegal immigrant truck driver was accused of causing a crash that killed three people in Florida. In September, another illegal immigrant was arrested after a truck he drove caused an accident that resulted in a 5-year-old girl suffering critical injuries.

This month, Immigration and Customs Enforcement arrested an illegal immigrant from Kyrgyzstan after his truck hit a van in a head-on collision that killed four people in Indiana. He had obtained a commercial driver’s license in Pennsylvania, the Department of Homeland Security said in a Feb. 5 statement.

The Trump administration’s actions against unqualified drivers in the trucking industry has faced legal challenges.

In December, the state of California sued the administration after DOT decided to withhold $33 million in federal funding over the state allegedly failing to comply with the English proficiency requirement for truckers.

California argued in the lawsuit that it does enforce English-language rules for commercial drivers, accusing the DOT action of being “arbitrary and capricious, an abuse of discretion, and contrary to law; imperils the safety of all persons driving in California; and threatens to wreak significant economic damage.”

In June, the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration launched a nationwide review that discovered widespread noncompliance regarding the issuing of commercial driver’s licenses across several states, especially California, Colorado, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Texas, and Washington.

In September, Duffy announced emergency action to restrict the eligibility of foreign-domiciled drivers to obtain these licenses.

Licenses to operate a massive, 80,000-pound truck are being issued to dangerous foreign drivers—oftentimes illegally,” Duffy said.

More recently, DOT announced on Jan. 8 that a review of North Carolina’s nondomiciled commercial driver’s licenses by the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration found that 54 percent were issued illegally. Duffy called this a dangerous situation.

“I’m calling on state leadership to immediately remove these dangerous drivers from our roads and clean up their system,” he said.

Tyler Durden
Sun, 02/08/2026 – 10:30

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San Fran’s Tenderloin District Stores Double As “Secret Casinos” And “Sleazy Drug Dens”

San Fran’s Tenderloin District Stores Double As “Secret Casinos” And “Sleazy Drug Dens”

San Francisco officials say they have shut down or taken legal action against nine convenience stores in the Tenderloin after uncovering illegal gambling rooms, drug operations, and fencing schemes, according to the NY Post. City Attorney David Chiu said the shops had become centers of “drug-driven lawlessness” and helped sell stolen goods to shady customers.

“These convenience stores were magnets for drug activity, and, in some cases, the stores were selling illegal drugs themselves,” Chiu said, adding that his office has targeted the businesses over the past 18 months. In one case, police searching a smoke shop found five gambling machines, more than $17,000 in cash, gun magazines, and cannabis products.

The Post writes that another raid in 2025 revealed nearly 51 grams of meth hidden under a shelf, hundreds of glass pipes, electronic gambling machines, thousands of dollars in cash, and stolen merchandise. Officials say such discoveries highlight how some neighborhood shops had turned into underground casinos and drug hubs.

The crackdown is linked to a nighttime safety ordinance passed in July 2024. The pilot program restricts certain stores in high-crime areas from operating between midnight and 5 a.m. Businesses that break the rule can be fined up to $1,000 or face lawsuits. City leaders now want to extend the program and expand it to other troubled neighborhoods.

Supervisor Matt Dorsey said the policy gives residents a “cooling-off period” that discourages illegal behavior. Police Chief Derrick Lew also welcomed the effort, saying officers will remain “relentless” in targeting illegal drug markets.

Several other stores were forced out after landlords were alerted to unlawful activity, according to the city attorney’s office. Officials argue that closing these problem locations is a key step toward improving safety in one of San Francisco’s most troubled districts.

Tyler Durden
Sun, 02/08/2026 – 09:55

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Pentagon To Cut Academic Ties With Harvard, Hegseth Says

Pentagon To Cut Academic Ties With Harvard, Hegseth Says

Authored by Aldgra Fredly via The Epoch Times (emphasis ours),

Secretary of War Pete Hegseth said on Feb. 6 that the Pentagon will cut all academic ties with Harvard University as the institution “no longer meets the needs of the War Department or the military services.”

Harvard University in Cambridge, Mass., on July 4, 2025. Learner Liu/The Epoch Times

Hegseth said the Pentagon would discontinue graduate-level professional military education, fellowships, and certificate programs with the Ivy League school beginning in the 2026-27 academic year for active duty service members.

This policy will apply to service members enrolling in future courses, while military personnel already enrolled at Harvard will still be allowed to finish their courses, according to the Pentagon chief.

For too long, this department has sent our best and brightest officers to Harvard, hoping the university would better understand and appreciate our warrior class,” he said in a statement.

“Instead, too many of our officers came back looking too much like Harvard — heads full of globalist and radical ideologies that do not improve our fighting ranks.”

Hegseth said Harvard is no longer a welcoming institution for military personnel, citing its partnership with the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) on campus research programs and a campus culture he said enabled attacks on Jewish students and “promotes discrimination based on race in violation of Supreme Court decisions.”

In a separate post on X, Hegseth said the institution was promoting “woke” ideology, which goes against the department’s values.

The Pentagon and military services also will evaluate similar relationships with other Ivy League schools and civilian universities in the coming weeks, according to the statement.

The goal is to determine whether or not they actually deliver cost-effective strategic education for future senior leaders when compared to, say, public universities and our military graduate programs,” Hegseth said.

The Epoch Times has reached out to Harvard for comment and did not receive a response by publication time.

Earlier this week, President Donald Trump said his administration would demand Harvard pay $1 billion in damages, accusing the university of being “strongly antisemitic.”

“Harvard has been, for a long time, behaving very badly! They wanted to do a convoluted job training concept, but it was turned down in that it was wholly inadequate and would not have been, in our opinion, successful,” he wrote on Truth Social.

The Trump administration has attempted to freeze billions of dollars in federal funding from Harvard following an investigation into diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) initiatives and claims of anti-Semitism in higher education last year. The White House said in April 2025 that Harvard failed to protect its students from harassment and violence on campus.

Harvard President Alan Garber filed a lawsuit against the administration in April 2025, seeking to restore $2.2 billion in grants and contracts withheld by the government.

A federal judge later reversed the funding freeze, ruling that the government violated the First Amendment through its efforts to combat anti-Semitism. The Justice Department appealed the decision in December 2025.

Tyler Durden
Sun, 02/08/2026 – 09:20

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Russia Accused Of Intercepting, Shadowing European Satellites For Signals Intelligence

Russia Accused Of Intercepting, Shadowing European Satellites For Signals Intelligence

Russian spacecraft have reportedly been intercepting the communications of at least a dozen high-value European satellites, according to EU security officials, in the latest Ukraine-related ‘scare’ by Moscow. However, any information gleaned would be from communications that the satellite operators failed to encrypt. 

Officials told the Financial Times that such interceptions risk exposing sensitive data and could even give Russia the ability to interfere with satellite trajectories or even force them offline entirely.

Illustrative, source: Pixabay

“Two Russian satellites ‘Luch-1’ and ‘Luch-2’ repeatedly approached European communication satellites and could intercept information from at least ten key geostationary satellites located over Europe,” the report says.

It was already widely reported that Russian spacecraft have increasingly shadowed European satellites in recent years, tracking them closely as tensions with the West spiraled related to Ukraine – a trend also highlighting how space is fast becoming the next battlefield.

Also, this isn’t the first time some very specific allegations have been publicly made, as last year German Defense Minister Boris Pistorius said Russian Luch Olymp surveillance satellites were trailing Germany’s Intelsat satellites, which are also used by other governments.

The Russian craft are said to linger near their targets for weeks at a time, with Luch-2 in particular being known to have approached at least 17 satellites.

German officials have bluntly alleged that these Russian satellites are not benign or for civilian use, but clearly are in the “signals intelligence business”.

In the background, there are fears that Ukraine and its European backers are far outmatched by Russia’s space capabilities. One publication called this a wake-up call:

Russia, they found, could draw on a fleet of roughly 200 satellites with military utility. Ukraine had just one. The disparity underlined not only Kyiv’s vulnerability in the early stages of the war, but a broader strategic gap that now occupies European policymakers: in modern conflict, space-based intelligence isn’t a luxury but a prerequisite for survival. 

Since then, Ukraine has ramped up its domestic capability and secured access to images from commercial and allied constellations.

The lesson hasn’t been lost on Brussels.The EU’s commissioner for defense and space, Andrius Kubilius, has called for a “big bang” approach to space, arguing that investments must match those of more traditional defense priorities

Very early in the conflict the Kremlin had warned that non-military satellites used by Ukraine “constitute indirect involvement in military conflicts” – warning that they could eventually be targeted. 

At that early phase (in 2022) the deputy chief of the Russian Foreign Ministry’s arms control and nonproliferation department, Konstantin Vorontsov, has said “Quasi-civilian infrastructure could be a legitimate target for retaliation.

Tyler Durden
Sun, 02/08/2026 – 08:45

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Humanoid Robots Get “Brains” As Dual-Use Fears Mount

Humanoid Robots Get “Brains” As Dual-Use Fears Mount

Chinese humanoid robotics firms are laser-focused on advancing “robot brains” for next-gen platforms already entering series production and headed to factory floors this year. Once these intelligent models push beyond scripted video stunts – we’ve all seen in promotional videos – into real-world autonomy, the systems become battlefield-ready, dual-use robots.

The Shanghai Morning Post reports that China-based robotics firm Dobot has developed Dobot-VLA, a vision-language-action model that allows its full-size humanoid Atom robot to “see through” clusters of tasks, “understand” ambiguous instructions, and make autonomous decisions to “get the job done.”

“[This] ability to adapt autonomously based on an understanding of the environment is the starting point for humanoid robots to create value in industrial applications,” the company told SCMP.

Rival UBTech open-sourced its humanoid-focused multimodal model, “Thinker,” on GitHub and Hugging Face, aiming to address common embodied-robot issues such as lag and spatial inaccuracies.

UBTech claims strong benchmark results against Nvidia and ByteDance models and reports near-perfect performance (99.9%) on certain factory-floor tasks, such as moving boxes and sorting parts, with its “Walker S2” humanoid robot.

SCMP pointed out, “China’s robotics industry is accelerating a shift from physical stunts that rely on preprogrammed routines to sophisticated abilities that require learning and adapting in the real world, seen as essential for mass commercial adoption in manufacturing and other scenarios.”

The broader theme is that humanoid robot brains are being developed at hyperspeed, suggesting these robots will be marching on factory floors in the very near term, not just in China but also across the Western world, starting later this year.

We’ve warned readers that “Humanoid Robots Begin March on Assembly Lines and Beyond,” meaning some of these systems could be dual-use and could soon appear at polygon weapon-testing facilities in Ukraine, potentially headed for battlefield deployment later this year if there’s no peace deal by spring. The same could be said of Russian forces, which may soon be experimenting with Chinese bots.

Read the latest:

Skynet is already here.

The rise of humanoid robotics, first on the factory floor and then on the modern battlefield, is inevitable. 

Tyler Durden
Sun, 02/08/2026 – 07:35

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China Takes Step Towards ‘Starlink Killer’, Could Be Game-Changer In Ukraine

China Takes Step Towards ‘Starlink Killer’, Could Be Game-Changer In Ukraine

Via Remix News,

A new, compact, high-power microwave weapon, the TPG1000Cs, has been developed at a Shanghai Nuclear Technology Institute, which could become one of the most serious threats to the Starlink satellite network. The device can deliver 20 gigawatts of energy for up to a full minute, the South China Morning Post reported, cited by Portfolio.

The TPG1000Cs, the world’s first compact driver for high-power microwave weapons, has been created at the Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology in Shanghai. The device can deliver 20 gigawatts of power for up to one minute.

At just four meters long and weighing just five tons, the device is small enough to be mounted on trucks, warships, airplanes, or even satellites. Some Chinese experts estimate that a ground-based microwave weapon with a power of over 1 gigawatt could be capable of seriously disrupting or even damaging satellites in low Earth orbit, such as Starlink, being used in the Russian-Ukrainian war.

Previously known similar systems could operate continuously for no more than three seconds and were much larger. The Russian Sinus-7 drive, for example, was operational for about a second, delivered about 100 pulses per shot, and weighed up to 10 tons.

China has repeatedly signaled that Starlink poses a serious threat to its national security. Chinese military researchers are currently developing new “Starlink killer” weapons, including high-powered microwave systems and lasers, that could be used to relatively cheaply combat large constellations of low-orbit satellites if necessary.

SpaceX has lowered the orbital altitude of its Starlink satellites to reduce the risk of collisions. But that makes them much more vulnerable to attacks from ground-based directed energy weapons. If China eventually deploys the TPG1000Cs in space, the invisible strikes could be even more devastating.

Read more here…

Tyler Durden
Sun, 02/08/2026 – 07:00

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Lawmakers in Texas and Ohio Consider Abolishing Property Taxes


Ohio and Texas keychains | Photo: Joanna Andreasson

In a 1995 episode of The Simpsons, teachers at the dilapidated Springfield Elementary School make an impassioned plea for more school funding at a PTA meeting, telling parents, “It’s for your children’s future.” Principal Skinner easily changes their minds by simply rubbing his fingers together. “Oh yeah, the taxes, the finger thing means the taxes,” exclaim the disgruntled parents, who then reject any funding that requires a tax increase.

There are several parallels between that episode and the real-life property tax revolts sweeping Florida and Ohio. In both states, spiking property values have led to rising property taxes and growing anti-tax sentiment among homeowners. Lawmakers and activists are responding with proposals to cap, cut, or even eliminate property taxes altogether.

Florida lawmakers have unveiled not one, not two, but seven different proposed constitutional amendments that would pare back property taxes. The two most far-reaching would eliminate nonschool homestead property taxes on owner-occupied primary residences. One would go into effect immediately, while the other would be phased in over 10 years.

In Ohio, petitioners are gathering signatures for a constitutional amendment that would eliminate all taxes on real property.

Taxation is theft, the libertarian adage goes. Therefore, one could be forgiven for giving unqualified support for these efforts to eliminate property taxes. Unfortunately, both Ohio and Florida’s property tax critics have the same contradictory attitude toward local government budgets as the fictional Springfield parents. They don’t like property taxes but they are also not eager to cut the government services they fund.

When The Columbus Dispatch interviewed voters headed to the polls in November 2025, almost all said they liked the idea of property tax abolition but didn’t want to see the quality of local services degrade.

None of Florida’s proposed property tax reforms include any plan to offset the lost revenue. The two measures that would eliminate homestead property taxes also include clauses forbidding local governments from cutting law enforcement funding.

The Ohio nonprofit Citizens for Property Tax Reform notably does not call for offsetting spending cuts. Instead, it suggests increases to sales taxes and local school district income taxes.

Neither state is likely to adopt the novel revenue solution Springfield Elementary settles on: charging the prison system to stash prisoners in spare coatrooms.

Making up for the revenue lost from property tax cuts would be a tall order. The Tax Foundation estimates that Florida’s combined local and state average sales tax rate would have to rise from 7 percent to 15 percent in order to make up for lost property tax revenues. In Ohio, that rate would have to rise from 4.2 percent to 12.6 percent.

Property taxes pay for nearly 30 percent of local government services in both Ohio and Florida. States trying to replace every dollar of property tax revenue with sales or income tax revenue would ultimately reduce overall economic efficiency as well.

Milton Friedman called the property tax (and particularly the tax on the value of unimproved land) the “least bad tax” because it discouraged less economic activity than sales and income taxes.

Property taxes are also less distortionary. People and firms can move to places where they are less heavily taxed to avoid local sales and income taxes. Real estate, in contrast, generally has to stay put.

There’s a political reason to prefer property taxes, too.

In most states, property taxes are levied by local governments on local residents to pay for local services. Ohio’s localities depend on property taxes for 65 percent of their revenues. Some 73 percent of Florida counties’ tax revenues come from property taxes.

That creates a measure of democratic accountability. People can discern a pretty clear relationship between the costs and benefits of their local government and vote accordingly.

For the same reason, property taxes are often more akin to a user fee paid by the consumers of government services for the benefits they receive than a true tax.

Homeowners’ associations notably raise funds via their own private property fees.

This is not to say that property tax cuts are a bad idea. Far from it. But the piper—and the school district—need to be paid somehow.

If property tax cuts are financed by spending cuts and service privatization, that’s good. But Florida and Ohio’s plans to simply shift the tax burden from property owners to wage earners or consumers would be cartoonishly inefficient.

The post Lawmakers in Texas and Ohio Consider Abolishing Property Taxes appeared first on Reason.com.

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