USA: Economic Thumbs-Down

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As Putin rejoices at his new-found wealth in Crimea after it was annexed (in a duff referendum where there was either ‘now’ or ‘later’ up for grabs to join the Russian Federation), the USA is wiping its tears with things that are closer to home and causing a great deal more grief than far off Ukraine. That was obviously shown with President Obama’s half-hearted ‘string’ of 11 Russian oligarchs that will have their accounts frozen in the USA. So what’s the USA getting upset about? Only the fact (as has been predicted for months and now years) that the USA is not on any road to recovery and never has been. Weak inflation, Housing data that’s falling and sluggish growth (if that can be called growth).

USA: Not Even Tepid

The US economy is neither hot nor cold. It’s just the US economy. It’s boringly tedious. It’s going nowhere. If at least it were crashing we would be able to say something. If it were at most booming or expanding, we might have cause for joy. But, no, it’s static, boringly static, staid and uneventful. Rather watch paint dry and sit and witness the economic roll of film getting stuck in the cog wheels and doing nothing.

• February saw an increase in the Consumer Price Index of just 0.1% and that’s the second month in a row. 
• The only thing that increased immensely was food, going up by the largest amount in over two years. 
• This was off-set by a reduction in gas prices. 
• In February 2014 prices increased on the year-on-year figure by only 1.1%. 
• January’s year-on-year figure stood at 1.6%.
• The Federal Reserve has been fixing an inflation rate of 2% in its sights. 
• Housing starts also fell 0.2% in February (to 907, 000 units). 
• House prices as well as lack of properties on the market have meant that buying activity has been held back. 
• The largest segment of the housing market (single-family homes) saw groundbreaking increase by 0.3% in February.
• The multi-family segment fell by 1.8%.

Buffet Tax

President Obama announced the wonderful (so-called) Buffet tax that would stand at least 30% on the incomes generated by millionaires, treating capital gains as simple revenue and that would limit tax deductions to just 28% of income. Although, Wall Street didn’t bat an eyelid and certainly had nothing to worry about. President Obama announced the ‘newspeak’ tax for the pleasure of the 99%, the masses drudging to work. But, that very same evening he went to dinner for a fund-raising event at one of the richest private equity executives in New York, one of the 1%. Wall Street didn’t stop the champagne flowing that night, because it seemed all like simple talk for the crowds banking on the bank doors. Keep the masses quiet and you control them feeding them with little titbits of news that will make them interested, but that you don’t have to put into practice.

The Federal Reserve Policy Meeting has just started and the figures were released during that. That means that the benchmark overnight rates will be sticking at zero while inflation is muted. Will they continue with tapering? Hardly seems possible while the economy is still to all intents and purposes in dire straits. They are expected to taper again by $10 billion by the time it all ends on Wednesday (the meeting that is). We shall see if they go through with it.

Some economists have seen the US rise in the stock market linked to the fact that there was little change in the housing sector in February according to figures released by the Commerce Department. Some are saying that the housing sector is stabilizing after declining less than expected from January. The bad weather seems to be over and the construction workers will be heading back to the building sites. But, perhaps there should be no question of rejoicing on such little activity in the sector and it’s hardly because the snow has thawed that the US housing market is crawling out of its ‘hell that froze over’. Why shouldn’t they be optimistic? After all, the Federal Reserve will always be there to bail them all out.

Janet Yellen stated in February that the US economy was strong enough to be able to stand tapering. US equities have entered a bull market that has been on-going since March 9th 2009. Now we are rejoicing because things are not actually getting any better, but because they are stagnating. A 6 year high for equities and an S&P 500 that is up 177% from a 12-year low should be little excuse not to have revamped the economic situation.

What, honestly, is there to hang the bunting out for?

Originally posted: USA: Economic Thumbs-Down

 


    



via Zero Hedge http://ift.tt/1l3caEy Pivotfarm

Steady Overnight Futures Levitation Puts New All Time High In Target On FOMC Day

In an overnight session that had little in terms of macro and news flow, the most notable event was that the Dollar-Renminbi finally crossed above 6.20 which as a reminder is the suggested “max vega” point beyond which even more max pain lies for levered accounts long the Yuan.

 

 

However, in a world in which nothing is discounted and in which no news matters, the “market” broadly ignored this significant development (which as we explained further yesterday means an accelerated unwind of Chinese Commodity Funding Deals, and a potential drop in global commodity prices), and eagerly awaited today’s non-event of an FOMC conference, where nothing new will be announced save for the novelty of it being Yellen’s first appearance before the press as the head of the Fed. And of course the Fed will almost certainly scrap the 6.5% employment threshold, as the FOMC scrambles to make the economy appear worse than it is reported to be, in a stark reminder that the biggest optically manipulated tool meant to boost confidence in the recovery was nothing but a number meant to serve political purposes.

Cautious sentiment dominated the price action again in Europe this morning, with stocks trading lower as market participants await the upcoming FOMC decision due out later today. Much of the attention this morning was on UK macroeconomic publications, with the most recent BoE minutes indicating that there is lack of unity  amongst the MPC, while the latest jobs report showed that number of people in employment highest since records began in 1971. As such, GBP has outperformed EUR this morning, with the shorter dated UK paper underperforming EU equivalent.

Going forward, market participants will look forward to UK Chancellor presenting Budget, the release of the latest weekly DoE data and then await the FOMC decision. Expect a new all time high in the S&P 500 just because.

 

Bulletin news summary from Bloomberg and RanSquawk

  • BoE MPC voted 9-0 for unchanged QE and bank rate, range of views over inflation outlook.
  • According to German Banking Association BDB, German economy to grow 1.8% in 2014, 2% in 2015, adding that interest rates much too low for Germany.
  • Going forward, market participants will look forward to UK Chancellor presenting Budget, the release of the latest weekly DoE data and then await the FOMC decision.
  • Treasuries steady before Fed rate and QE decision at 2pm ET, Yellen’s first press conference as Fed chair at 2:30pm; market looks for additional $10b taper, discussion of changes to forward guidance, unemployment rate threshold.
  • Russia cemented its claim to Crimea as Putin showed no sign of backing down in the standoff over Ukraine’s breakaway Black Sea region, prompting Western leaders to vow further sanctions this week
  • Britain’s jobless rate held at 7.2% in the three months through January, in line with median forecast in a Bloomberg survey
  • Bank of England policy makers said the pound’s strength is putting downward pressure on inflation and there’s a risk of further increases as the economy recovers
  • Chancellor of the Exchequer George Osborne to present his budget today
  • China’s yuan slid below 6.20 per dollar for the first time since April as the central bank cut the currency’s fixing amid concern that rising financial risks will slow growth
  • Investors are demanding the highest premium to hold Chinese dollar notes in almost seven months as the collapse of a developer and the first onshore bond default fuel speculation missed payments will spread
  • Less than 12 months after saying the Fed’s stimulus and a plunge in defaults would support the market for junk-rated debt for another four years, Jeffrey Gundlach is trimming DoubleLine’s allocations to the asset class
  • JPMorgan agreed to sell its physical commodities unit to Mercuria Energy Group Ltd., according to two people with knowledge of the matter
  • Obama is a polarizing figure in some districts and states, especially those where Democrats are in closely competitive  races. Even while raising money, the president runs the risk of hurting Democratic candidates in nearby districts
  • Sovereign yields mixed. EU peripheral spreads narrow. Asian equities mixed, Nikkei +0.4%, Shanghai -0.2%. European equity markets lower, U.S. stock-index futures gain. WTI crude little changed, gold and copper lower

US Event Calendar

  • 7:00am: MBA Mortgage Applications, March 14: -1.2%, prior -2.1%
  • 8:30am: Current Account Balance, 4Q, est. -$88b (prior – $94.8b)
  • 2:00pm: FOMC seen holding overnight bank lending rate in 0%-0.25% range; Fed QE3 Purchases, est. $55b (prior $65b)
  • 2:30pm: Fed’s Yellen holds news conference

 

Asian Headlines

BoJ board member Kiuchi said side-effects of more easing could exceed benefits and that excessive easing could hurt long-term economic growth. (BBG)

Fitch said Zhejiang Xingrun default reflects China’s housing dynamics and believes there will be further defaults in this industry. Fitch also added that China banks may favour larger developers after defaults. (BBG)

EU & UK Headlines

BoE MPC voted 9-0 for unchanged QE and bank rate, range of views over inflation outlook.
– Rise in Q4 unemployment and higher self-employment suggests greater labour market slack, but low youth productivity points other way.
– Official wage growth weak by historic standards and indications given by other surveys.

UK ILO Unemployment Rate (Jan) 3M/3M 7.2% vs. Exp. 7.2% (Prev. 7.2%)
– Jobless Claims Change (Feb) M/M -34.6k vs. Exp. -25.0k (Prev. -27.6k, Rev. -33.9k)
– Number of people in employment highest since records began in 1971.

According to German Banking Association BDB, German economy to grow 1.8% in 2014, 2% in 2015, adding that interest rates much too low for Germany. (BBG)

Germany sells EUR 3.262bln 1.75% 2024 Bunds, bid/cover 1.6 (Prev. 1.1), yield 1.58% (Prev. 1.64%), retention 18.5% (Prev. 24.1%)

US Headlines

FOMC Decisions and Projections due at 1800GMT/1300CDT, followed by Press Conference from Chair Yellen at 1830GMT/1330CDT.
– Vast majority expect another taper of USD 10bln this month, taking monthly bond buys down to USD 55bln per month.
– Markets may look for indications of how the committee will adjust its forward guidance with regard to a hike of the federal funds rate.

Equities

German DAX index has outperformed its peers this morning, supported by banking stocks and also BMW, which advanced after the company said it targets significant profit gain. German banks benefited from the reports by Boersen-Zeitung citing sources that German federal and state finance ministers have agreed to allow banks to treat interest they pay on subordinated debt as an operating profit. At the same time, SAP shares traded lower this morning as market participants reacted to yesterday’s weaker than expected earnings report by Oracle, which also saw shares fall 5% in after market trading hours.

FX

Of note, USD/CNY advanced above the 6.20 level, which various analysts flagged up as a level which may begin to trigger further unwind linked to TRF (Target Redemption Fund) products and thus potentially lead to further pressure on the credit market in China. On that note, according to a Chinese government source, a weaker CNY and FX sales could prompt a cut to the Reserve Requirement Ratio, with 6.30 in USD/CNY seen as a medium-term limit. (MNI)

Commodities

WTI crude futures have outperformed Brent this morning, while also recovering API inspired losses as overnight news of the earlier than expected Seaway pipeline’s opening gave support to the reversal. A consequence of this positive news flow over the removal of bottlenecks at Cushing has been WTI and Brent crude spreads narrowing by 3%.

US API Crude Oil Inventories (Mar 14) W/W 5920k vs. Prev. 2600k
– Cushing Crude Inventories (Mar 14) W/W -1040k vs. Prev. -1300k
– Gasoline Inventories (Mar 14) W/W -1410k vs. Prev. -2150k
– Distillate Inventories (Mar 14) W/W -674k vs. Prev. -839k

Iranian crude exports to Asia rose sharply in February, with oil exported at levels higher than allowed under Western sanctions for a fourth straight month. (RTRS)

According to sources, JP Morgan has agreed to sell its commodities trading business to Switzerland-based energy-trading company Mercuria Energy Group. The terms of the deal aren’t yet clear, but when the bank first opened its books to potential buyers in October it valued the assets at USD 3.3bln.

China Iron and Steel Association said that China steel average production was 2.1mln tons/day in first 10 days of March, which was the highest since mid-November. (BBG)

China plans to create 6-8 large scale mining groups over the next decade each with an output target of at least 30mln tonnes. (BBG)

* * *

The full overnight summary by DB’s Jim Reid

Attention turns to today’s FOMC and Yellen’s debut press conference as Fed chair, where the broad market consensus is that the Fed will taper by another $10bn while moving away from its current quantitative rate guidance. For the record, DB’s Peter Hooper thinks consensus appears to have been formed that it’s time to update the Committee’s forward guidance. However the center of the FOMC wants to achieve this change without giving the market reasons to raise interest rate expectations significantly above the path that the guidance has implied up to now. To achieve this, Peter thinks that the Fed is more likely to drop mention of the 6.5% threshold and strengthen its current references to other labour market indicators – for example highlighting their commitment to substantial further progress in reducing unemployment and raising inflation up to target, so long as inflation expectations remain stable. Peter also expects that either the new statement or the press conference will acknowledge the growing importance of the “dot chart” making more specific use of the Summary of the Committee’s Economic Projections (SEP), for interest rates in particular, to guide market expectations. The SEP could show that most members of the Committee currently expect economic conditions that would allow them to begin to raise rates to be in place by sometime after mid-2015. This message could be bolstered by adding the observation (again inspired by the SEP) that most on the Committee also expect that various headwinds are likely to be in place that will warrant raising rates only slowly once the process has begun.

In terms of other tweaks to the FOMC statement, the WSJ’s Hilsenrath writes that the Fed will likely tone down their assessment of growth in activity, reflecting the recent soft bout of economic data and will probably reference the transitory effects of unseasonable weather. Meanwhile, the FT’s Hildebrand warns that the time for Fed tightening could be nigh given that some in the Fed think the fall in participation rates appear to be more structural than cyclical. Hildebrand notes that wage growth is at 2.5% versus a 10 year average before the financial crisis of 3.5%. For some perspective, following the last recession wage growth returned to that level by the end of 2004 – by which point the Fed funds rate had already been increased four times (FT).

Ahead of all this, risk is having a mixed overnight session, reflecting some caution going into the FOMC and renewed fears over a slowdown or deleveraging event in China. Shanghai copper futures are down 0.1% and eyes are again on USDCNH (+0.25%) and USDCNY (+0.05%) with the latter approaching a key 6.20 technical level (6.1994 as we type). The latest PBoC CNY fixing hasn’t helped matters much, coming in at 6.1351 or 10 pips above yesterday’s midpoint, and in the process notching up the weakest fixing since early December 2013. Onshore Chinese rates climbed by a not-insignificant amount today (7 day repo +80bp) despite the continued weakening in CNY.

There is some lingering concern over the state of Chinese property developers amid the reported collapse of Fenghua city developer Zhejiang Xingrun, which is leading to underperformance in Chinese USD bonds and the Shanghai Property equity index (-1.4%). The broader Shanghai Composite is down as  well overnight (-0.9%). Adding to worries, late on Tuesday the PBOC denied that it was not involved in dealing with the collapse of Zhejiang Xingrun, and there is concern that a number of banks (as many as 20 domestic banks) may have exposure to the troubled developer. Though the systemic risks from this potential default are minimal given the single-city concentration of the developer and relatively small size of its bank obligations (around US$550m), it’s probably reflective of tough operating conditions for many smaller developers in China.

Outside of China, the Nikkei (+1.3%) has bounced back strongly from early losses though the exact catalyst for this unclear. The Feb Japanese trade report again disappointed (adjusted trade balance for February –JPY1.13trn vs –JPY907bn expected). Within the detail of the trade report, Japanese exports rose 9.8% YoY, which was lower than the 12.5% expected. Overall, the Japanese trade deficit has come in weaker than market consensus in 8 of the last 10 months. On a more positive note for PM Abe and the BoJ, land prices in Japan’s three largest cities rose for the time in six years in January. Adding to recent positive wage/hiring anecdotes, major Japanese retailer Fast Retailing said it was converting 16,000 part time contractors to full time workers (Kyodo News).

Coming back to yesterday, there was some relief in Putin’s statement that he does not plan to seize other regions of the Ukraine outside of Crimea, judging by the gains in the S&P500 (+0.72%) and Stoxx600 (+0.64%). After a solid Monday and Tuesday, the S&P500 is back within 6pts of all time highs. Our Russian economics team thinks that the key message in Putin’s address to the Federal assembly was that “Russia does not need division of Ukraine” which may render the escalation of tensions in the eastern part of Ukraine less likely. This in turn also lowers the probability of a significant escalation of sanctions vis-à-vis Russia. Overall, our Russian economists note that Putin’s direct appeal to the West does signal greater openness to negotiations, but regional risks do remain elevated due to the uncertainty over further developments in eastern Ukraine as well as the contours of the eventual accord between Russia and the West.

Nevertheless despite the assurances by Putin, there were reports that Russia was boosting its military presence on the eastern Ukraine border and that Russian forces were concentrated near major roads into Ukraine, according to Bloomberg who cited the Kharkiv city governor. Pro-Russian forces also reportedly stormed a Ukrainian military base in the Crimean capital Simferopol, resulting in one casualty (Bloomberg), an incident which was described by the Ukrainian PM as a “war crime” (BBC). Accounts of the incident are conflicting – a local Crimean news agency suggested that a local defense unit had come under fire, while Interfax-Ukraine reports that both local defense forces and Ukrainian servicemen came under fire at the same time. US Vice President Joe Biden said that the EU and US plan more sanctions aimed at Russia, and stressed to a number of eastern European NATO allies that the US was committed to defending their security.

In spite of all this Moscow’s MICEX closed with gains of 4%, and a number of Russian ADRs trading in the US such as Gazprom (+3.6%) and Sberbank (+5.0%) recorded strong gains. Putting Russia aside, EM had a buoyant session, allowing sovereigns such as Hungary to price US$3bn in bonds, but Russia was forced to cancel its sixth ruble bond auction this year due to “unfavourable market conditions”. The ruble gained 0.1% against the USD, and the Russian Central Bank said it had no plans to introduce capital controls to defend the RUB.

Back in DM, 10yr UST yields drifted lower (-2bp) after a somewhat lower than expected US February CPI reading (1.1% YoY vs 1.2% expected and 1.6% previously) and weaker than consensus February housing starts (-0.2% vs 3.4% expected). Housing starts were dragged lower by activity in the US northwest, suggesting some weather impact lingered during the month. US building permits were substantially above consensus at 7.7% MoM (1.6% expected). In Europe, markets lauded the first Greek bank to access the international bond market in five years (Financial Times) after Piraeus Bank priced a EUR500m 3yr notes at a yield of 5.125%. Piraeus joins banks from Portugal, Spain and Ireland in issuing their first post-crisis unsecured bonds.

Looking at the day ahead, all eyes will be on the FOMC with the statement due at 6pm London time. Yellen’s debut press conference follows 30 minutes afterwards. Ahead of that there isn’t too much data from Continental Europe but the UK will print its latest jobs report and the Bank of England releases its minutes from the March 5th/6th MPC meeting. The UK’s 2014 budget will be delivered to parliament today. DB’s George Buckley writes that he expects that the Budget will be fiscally neutral – either over the forecast horizon or across policy measures. Buckley also notes that this year’s budget may provide the government the best chance for “electioneering” ahead of the May 2015 general elections.


    



via Zero Hedge http://ift.tt/1gFYf3O Tyler Durden

Chinese Foreign Policy: A New Era Dawns

Submitted by Anne-Marie Brady via The Diplomat,

A new era is dawning in Chinese foreign policy as the country’s economic growth enables it to move from past timorousness in declaring itself a global leader and a relative inability to defend its interests, to one in which Beijing can seek adjustments in the security environment it has faced for the last sixty years. In the Chinese-language media, politicians are increasingly talking of China as a great power. Yet Russia’s invasion of Ukraine has put Beijing’s new foreign policy to the test and raised questions about the extent of China’s global role.

China is close to meeting all the measures of what defines a global great power: political, economic, and military might with a global reach. But it does not appear to act like a great power in terms of its contribution to international leadership during conflict situations such as in Ukraine. Instead we repeatedly only see Beijing being assertive when it comes to defending its own narrow interests.

While Deng Xiaoping’s foreign policy dictum was for China to “hide its strength and bide its time” (taoguang yanghui), in January 2014 Chinese Communist Party General Secretary Xi Jinping announced that China should be “proactive” (fenfa you wei). This is the equivalent of China moving from first gear into second; and like second gear, the pace of this new foreign policy can sometimes be jagged.

As the Russian intervention in citizen unrest in Ukraine has played out, Beijing has held back from criticizing Moscow, citing China’s long-standing policy of non-interference in the internal affairs of other states. While China decries the interference of “hostile foreign forces” in popular protests in Xinjiang and Tibet, it appears that it won’t take a public stance on Russia’s breach of Ukrainian sovereignty. In phone calls to U.S. President Barack Obama and German Chancellor Angela Merkel on March 10, Xi urged the two leaders to use political and diplomatic means to resolve the standoff.

On March 15, China’s UN representative put forward a three-point proposal on a political solution to the crisis; urging the formation of an international group to help mediate; recommending all parties refrain from further provocation; and suggesting international financial actors should help stabilize Ukraine’s economic situation. Yet, China abstained from the UN draft resolution on the same day, which condemned today’s referendum aimed at legitimizing the transfer of the Crimea from Ukraine to Russia. As a leading power and permanent member of the UN Security Council, China has exercised its “right to speak” (huayu quan) on the situation in Ukraine, but is avoiding involvement in the international response. The 13 other members of the Security Council all voted in favor of the resolution, while Russia opposed it.

In Chinese foreign policy terms Xi and his representative at the UN have been quite outspoken. But outside China, many would agree that China’s response is too little, too late. It is behavior such as this in times of international crisis that has led commentators to question whether or not China is a “reluctant stakeholder” in the global order and whether or not China is still just a regional power.

Since becoming general secretary of the CCP in 2012, Xi Jinping has overseen an expansion of China’s economic reforms and opening up to the outside world, at the same time as leading a new clampdown on freedom of speech and association, and tightening security against Uighur and Tibetan populations.

Under Xi’s leadership China has gone head to head with Japan on contested territory in the East China Sea, declared a new ADIZ over the contested Senkaku/Diaoyu islands, and been increasingly assertive in the South China Sea.

China’s economic model requires new markets and privileged access to resources and this will be a moderating factor in their foreign policy approach. Beijing can’t afford to offend its neighbor Russia for a complex range of reasons, ranging from internal and external security and access to new sources of energy supply.

The competitive and contentious external environment China faces in its immediate neighborhood requires Beijing to take a relatively cautious and tactful national security approach in the short to medium term. At the same time it is strengthening its external environment, especially on the periphery, whenever it can.

So we can expect to see Chinese foreign policy verge from being at times assertive and proactive; to in other situations being ambiguous and non-confrontational. Where China cannot affect change, it makes the best out of the current global order and quietly pursues own interests; but where the possibility of creating new norms exists, Beijing acts assertively.

In the 1990s, Chinese policymakers conducted in-depth studies on the lessons to be learned from the fall of the Soviet Union. In the 2000s they studied the rise and fall of other great powers such as Portugal, Spain, France, Germany, Great Britain—and the United States—and the lessons each held for China.

This is why as a rising great power, despite this year’s 12.2 percent budget increase to the PLA, China is not likely to follow the U.S. or the Soviet Union in making burdensome investments in military spending. The PLA budget is only 2 percent of China’s GDP; versus the current U.S. figure of 4.4 percent and the Soviet Union’s figure of 13-14 percent just before the Gorbachev era began in the mid-1980s.

China is instead investing in asymmetric warfare, focusing on electro-magnetic pulse weapons, cyber and space warfare, and a small but adequate nuclear deterrent; meanwhile creating a complex network of China-centered bilateral and multilateral agreements such as the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, free trade agreements with states such as Iceland, and less formalized, issue-specific partnerships with states strategically important to China such as Zimbabwe, Sri Lanka and Russia.

China is a relatively insecure new great power, both in its internal politics and in terms of the external environment it faces. So it has to be both increasingly proactive about defending its interests and ambiguous about what its actual interests are in order to delay open conflict with other potential competitors for as long as possible.

China is by no means a reluctant stakeholder; rather a reluctant leader. We should not expect China to behave as previous and present great powers have done; it is forging its own path in international relations and will need to resolve its own sense of insecurity before it responds as a true global leader might to a geopolitical crisis such as the one unfolding in Ukraine.


    



via Zero Hedge http://ift.tt/1nCqxBO Tyler Durden

Signs of Inflation in China… And What They Mean For the Markets

A growing concern for the global economy is inflation.

 

We’ve recently detailed this issue for the US economy here and here.

 

Global Central Banks, concerned with a potential deflationary collapse, have allowed inflation to seep into the financial system. In developed nations like the US, this puts a squeeze on consumers. But in emerging markets like China, inflation is outright disastrous.

 

Nearly 40% of China lives off of $2 a day. Your average college graduate in China makes just $2,500 per year. In an economy such as this, a rise in prices in costs of living can be devastating for the population.

 

Why are we not seeing this in the Chinese stock market?

 

In China, the banking monetary mechanism tends to funnel cash directly into the economy, rather than stocks (note that bank lending remains anemic in the US, while the stock market roars higher).

 

Indeed, China’s shadow banking (financial transactions outside of formal banks) has expanded to over 200% of China’s GDP or well north of $18 trillion in dollar terms.

 

This situation favors the well-connected Chinese political elite and lends itself to corruption on an epic scale.

 

Consider the following:

 

1)   In 2010 alone, 146,000 cases of corruption were launched in China (that’s 400 PER DAY).

 

2)   How much these officials stole is unknown. But… of the 14 cases that were actually reported in the Chinese media, the average amount stolen was 18 MILLION RMB (for perspective, the average college graduate in China earns 2,500 RMB per year).

 

3)   Between 1995 and 2008, it’s estimated that between 16,000-18,000 Chinese officials fled China taking 800 BILLION RMB (roughly $125 BILLION) with them. Bear in mind China’s entire GDP was just 2.1 trillion RMB in 1991.

 

4)   It’s believed that $100 billion in corrupt money fled China through Government officials in 2012 alone.

 

Corrupt officials favor real estate as a means of acquiring assets because they can put properties in relatives’ names. Between this and the fact that stock investing has yet to become a cultural phenomenon in China as it is in the US, China’s stock market has languished while its real estate market has boomed.

 

However, the fact that so much “funny money” has moved into the Chinese economy via so many shadowy conduits makes the Chinese economy a potential inflationary nightmare.

 

The “official” Chinese inflation data won’t show this, but you can see the clear signs:

 

1)   Wage protests have become commonplace in China (a clear sign that the cost of living has outpaced wage growth).

2)   Wage increases have grown to the point than numerous US factories have begun moving their manufacturing bases back to the US (the profit differential is no longer big enough that it’s worth the expenses in shipping).

3)   China’s Government has made an official show of clamping down on inflation.

 

Inflation is already present in the financial system. The signs are there if you know where to look. The question now is how the markets will adjust as it spreads.

 

For a FREE Special Report on how to protect your portfolio from inflation, swing by

http://ift.tt/RQfggo

 

Best Regards

Phoenix Capital Research

 

 

 

 

 

 


    



via Zero Hedge http://ift.tt/1eQpsNt Phoenix Capital Research

Japanese Stocks Tumble To 13-Month Low Against Dow After 35th Consecutive Trade Deficit

After trading well above the Dow at last year’s peak (and equal with it at 2013 year-end), the Nikkei 225 is now almost 2000 points below the level of the Dow – a 13-month low. Trading not far off the EM-crisis lows of January, Japanese stocks are fading as JPY can’t sustain any offer and carry-trades are unwound. Not helped by yet another in a long and illustrious list of mssed trade balance figures since Abe took the helm. Elsewhere in Asia, USDCNY traded up to almost 6.20 (the Maginot line for many derivatives trades) and does not look like the PBOC has it under control and copper has dumped from earlier US exuberance; iron ore is flat; and Chinese stocks are down (along with US futures fading modestly).

 

35th consecutive trade deficit and 8th miss of last 9… J-Curve any day now… (as exports miss and imports jump – just wait til after the pre-consumption-tax-hike surge is wiped out).

 

Which leaves the Nikkei at 13-month lows against the Dow…

 

US futures are leaking lower as JPY cary unwinds…

 

Copper spilled…

 

and USDCNY does not look like the PBOC has it under control…

 

But apart from that – s’all good ahead of FOMC tomorrow.

 

Charts: Bloomberg


    



via Zero Hedge http://ift.tt/1g8V85Z Tyler Durden

So You Want To Be A Speculator

Submitted by Louis James via Casey Research,

Doug Casey's 9 Secrets for Successful Speculation

When I started working for Doug Casey almost 10 years ago, I probably knew as much about investing as the average Joe, but I now know that I knew absolutely nothing then about successful speculation.

Learning from the international speculator himself—and from his business partner, David Galland, to give credit where due—was like taking the proverbial drink from a fire hose. Fortunately, I was quite thirsty.

You see, just before Doug and David hired me in 2004, I’d had something of an epiphany. As a writer, most of what I was doing at the time was grant-proposal writing, asking wealthy philanthropists to support causes I believed in. After some years of meeting wealthy people and asking them for money, it suddenly dawned on me that they were nothing like the mean, greedy stereotypes the average American envisions.

It’s quite embarrassing, but I have to admit that I was surprised how much I liked these “rich” people—not for what they could do for me, but for what they had done with their own lives. Most of them started with nothing and created financial empires. Even the ones who were born into wealthy families took what fortune gave them and turned it into much more. And though I’m sure the sample was biased, since I was meeting libertarian millionaires, these people accumulated wealth by creating real value that benefited those they did business with. My key observation was they were all very serious about money—not obsessed with it, but conscious of using it wisely and putting it to most efficient use. I greatly admired this; it’s what I strive for myself now.

But I’m getting ahead of myself. The reason for my embarrassment is that my surprise told me something about myself; I discovered that I’d had a bad attitude about money.

This may seem like a philosophical digression, but it’s an absolutely critical point. Without realizing that I’d adopted a cultural norm without conscious choice, I was like many others who believe that it is unseemly to care too much about money. I was working on saving the world, which was reward enough for me, and wanted only enough money to provide for my family.

And at the same instant my surprise at liking my rich donors made me realize that—despite my decades of pro-market activism—I had been prejudiced against successful capitalists, I realized that people who thought the way I did never had very much money.

It seems painfully obvious in hindsight. If thinking about money and exerting yourself to earn more of it makes you pinch your nose in disgust, how can you possibly be effective at doing so?

Well, you can’t. I’m convinced that while almost nobody intends to be poor, this is why so many people are. They may want the benefits of being rich, but they actually don’t want to be rich and have a great mental aversion to thinking about money and acting in ways that will bring more of it into their lives.

So, in May of 2004, I decided to get serious about money. I liked my rich friends and admired them all greatly, but I didn’t see any of them as superhuman. There was no reason I could not have done what any of them had done, if I’d had the same willingness to do the work they did to achieve success.

Lo and behold, it was two months later that Doug and David offered me a job at Casey Research. That’s not magic, nor coincidence; if it hadn’t been Casey, I would have found someone else to learn from. The important thing is that had the offer come two months sooner, being a champion of noble causes and not a money-grubbing financier, I would have turned it down.

I’m still a champion of noble causes, but how things have changed since I enrolled in “Casey U” and got serious about learning how to put my money to work for me, instead of me having to always work for money!

Instead of asking people for donations, I’m now the one writing checks (which I believe will get much larger in the not-too-distant future). I can tell you this is much more fun.

How did I do it? I followed Doug’s advice, speculated alongside him—and took profits with him. Without getting into the details, I can say I had some winning investments early on. I went long during the crash of 2008 and used the proceeds to buy property in 2010. I took profits on the property last year and bought the same stocks I was recommending in the International Speculator last fall, close to what now appears to have been another bottom.

In the interim, I’ve gone from renting to being a homeowner. I’ve gone from being an investment virgin to being one of those expert investors you occasionally see on TV. I’ve gone from a significant negative net worth to a significant nest egg… which I am happily working on increasing.

And I want to help all our readers do the same. Not because all we here at Casey Research care about is money, but because accumulating wealth creates value, as Doug teaches us.

It’s impossible, of course, to communicate all I’ve learned over my years with Doug in a simple article like this. I’m sure I’ll write a book on it someday—perhaps after the current gold cycle passes its coming manic peak.

Still, I can boil what I’ve learned from Doug down to a few “secrets” that can help you as they have me. I urge you to think of these as a study guide, if you will, not a complete set of instructions.

As you read the list below, think about how you can learn more about each secret and adapt it to your own most effective use.

Secret #1: Contrarianism takes courage.

Everyone knows the essential investment formula: “Buy low, sell high,” but it is so much easier said than done, it might as well be a secret formula.

The way to really make it work is to invest in an asset or commodity that people want and need but that for reasons of market cyclicality or other temporary factors, no one else is buying. When the vast majority thinks something necessary is a bad investment, you want to be a buyer—that’s what it means to be a contrarian.

Obviously, if this were easy, everyone would do it, and there would be no such thing as a contrarian opportunity. But it is very hard for most people to think independently enough to risk hard-won cash in ways others think is mistaken or too dangerous. Hence, fortune favors the bold.

Secret #2: Success takes discipline.

It’s not just a matter of courage, of course; you can bravely follow a path right off a cliff if you’re not careful. So you have to have a game plan for risk mitigation. You have to expect market volatility and turn it to your advantage. And you’ll need an exit strategy.

The ways a successful speculator needs discipline are endless, but the most critical of all is to employ smart buying and selling tactics, so you don’t get goaded into paying too much or spooked into selling for too little.

Secret #3: Analysis over emotion.

This may seem like an obvious corollary to the above, but it’s a point well worth stressing on its own. To be a successful speculator does not require being an emotionless robot, but it does require abiding by reason at times when either fear or euphoria tempt us to veer from our game plans.

When a substantial investment in a speculative pick tanks—for no company-specific reason—the sense of gut-wrenching fear is very real. Panic often causes investors to sell at the very time they should be backing up the truck for more.

Similarly, when a stock is on a tear and friends are congratulating you on what a genius you are, the temptation to remain fully exposed—or even take on more risk in a play that is no longer undervalued—can be irresistible. But to ignore the numbers because of how you feel is extremely risky and leads to realizing unnecessary losses and letting terrific gains slip through your fingers.

Secret #4: Trust your gut.

Trusting a gut feeling sounds contradictory to the above, but it’s really not. The point is not to put feelings over logic, but to listen to what your feelings tell you—particularly about company people you meet and their words in press releases.

“People” is the first of Doug Casey’s famous Eight Ps of Resource Stock Evaluation, and if a CEO comes across like a used-car salesman, that is telling you something. If a press release omits critical numbers or seems to be gilding the lily, that, too, tells you something.

The more experience you accumulate in whatever sector you focus on, the more acute your intuitive “radar” becomes: listen to it. There’s nothing more frustrating than to take a chance on a story that looked good on paper but that your gut was warning you about, and then the investment disappoints. Kicking yourself is bad for your knees.

Secret #5: Assume Bulshytt.

As a speculator, investor, or really anyone who buys anything, you have to assume that everyone in business has an angle. Their interests may coincide with your own, but you can’t assume that.

It’s vital to keep in mind whom you are speaking with and what their interest might be. This applies to even the most honest people in mining, which is such a difficult business, no mine would ever get built if company CEOs put out a press release every time they ran into a problem.

A mine, from exploration to production to reclamation, is a nonstop flow of problems that need solving. But your brokers want to make commissions, your conference organizers want excitement, your bullion dealers want volume, etc. And, yes, your newsletter writers want to eat as well; ask yourself who pays them and whether their interests are aligned with yours or the companies they cover.

(Bulshytt is not a typo, but a reference to Neal Stephenson's brilliant novel, Anathem, which defines the term, briefly, as words, phrases, or even entire books or speeches that are misleading or empty of meaning.)

Secret #6: The trend is your friend.

No one can predict the future, but anyone who applies him- or herself diligently enough can identify trends in the world that will have predictable consequences and outcomes.

If you identify a trend that is real—or that at least has an overwhelming amount of evidence in its favor—it can serve as both compass and chart, keeping you on course regardless of market chaos, irrational investors, and the ever-present flood of bulshytt.

Knowing that you are betting on a trend that makes great sense and is backed by hard data also helps maintain your courage. Remember; prices may fluctuate, but price and value are not the same thing. If you are right about the trend, it will be your friend. Also, remember that it’s easier to be right about the direction of a trend than its timing.

Secret #7: Only speculate with money you can afford to lose.

This is a logical corollary to the above. If you bet the farm or gamble away your children’s college tuition on risky speculations—and only relatively risky investments have the potential to generate the extraordinary returns that justify speculating in the first place—it will be almost impossible to maintain your cool and discipline when you need it.

As Doug likes to say; it’s better to risk 10% of your capital shooting for 100% gains than to risk 100% of your capital shooting for 10% gains.

Secret #8: Stack the odds in your favor.

Given the risks inherent in speculating for extraordinary gains, you have to stack the odds in your favor. If you can’t, don’t play.

There are several ways to do this, including betting on People with proven track records, buying when market corrections put companies on sale way below any objective valuation, and participating in private placements. The most critical may be to either conduct the due diligence most investors are too busy to be bothered with, or find someone you can trust to do it for you.

Secret #9: You can’t kiss all the girls.

This is one of Doug’s favorite sayings, and though seemingly obvious, it’s one of the main pitfalls for unwary speculators.

When you encounter a fantastic story or a stock going vertical and it feels like it’s getting away from you, it can be very, very difficult to do all the things I mention above. I can tell you from firsthand experience, it’s agonizing to identify a good bet, arrive too late, and see the ship sail off to great fortune—without you.

But if you let that push you into paying too much for your speculative picks, you can wipe out your own gains, even if you’re betting on the right trends.

You can’t kiss all the girls, and it only leads to trouble if you try. Fortunately, the universe of possible speculations is so vast, it simply doesn’t matter if someone else beats you to any particular one; there will always be another to ask for the next dance. Bide your time, and make your move only when all of the above is on your side.

Final Point

These are the principles I live and breathe every day as a speculator. The devil, of course, is in the details, which is why I’m happy to be the editor of the Casey International Speculator, where I can cover the ins and outs of all of the above in depth.

Right now, we’re looking at an opportunity the likes of which we haven’t seen in years: thanks to the downturn in gold—which now appears to have subsided—junior gold stocks are still drastically undervalued.

My team and I recently identified a set of junior mining companies that we believe have what it takes to potentially become 10-baggers, generating 1,000%+ gains. If you don’t yet subscribe, I encourage you to try the International Speculator risk-free today and get our detailed 10-Bagger List for 2014 that tells you exactly why we think these companies will be winners. Click here to learn more about the 10-Bagger List for 2014.

Whatever you do, the above distillation of Doug’s experience and wisdom should help you in your own quest.


    



via Zero Hedge http://ift.tt/PNJhiZ Tyler Durden

Has The World Gone Mad (Again)?

A few select headlines from the day that made us, well, wonder…

  • OBAMA’S GOAL IS FOR RUSSIA TO STEP BACK IN CRIMEA, LEW SAYS (hope and change?)
  • CHINA SHOULD LOOSEN RESTRICTIONS OVER HOME PURCHASES: SEC. NEWS (but, but, but the reforms?)
  • DONETSK GOVERNOR (AND BROTHER) HAD MOAT DUG OUT ON RUSSIAN BORDER (and filled with crocodiles?)
  • BEIJING TO SPEND 20M YUAN TO CHANGE WEATHER TO CUT SMOG: DAILY (winning the war on weather and hence the economy)
  • PUTIN SPOKESMAN SAYS UKRAINE FORCES MUST CHOOSE SIDES: BBC (hhmm, tough decision)
  • FLAHERTY SAYS DECISION TO LEAVE POLITICS WAS NOT RELATED IN ANY WAY TO HIS HEALTH (just being pissed off)
  • CARNEY SAYS LOW RATE ENVIRONMENT IS CONDUCIVE TO COMPLACENCY (and water is wet and we’ll keep doing it)
  • IRS INFORMS EMPLOYEES OF PERSONAL INFORMATION DATA BREACH (shame really)
  • UKRAINE FAILS TO SELL DEBT AT DOMESTIC AUCTION: FIN MIN. (but TSLA did – shoulda sold stock)
  • BANK OF CANADA’S POLOZ SAYS HARD TO BELIEVE THAT RECENT ECONOMIC SOFTNESS IN CANADA IS ALL DUE TO THE WEATHER. (wait what?)
  • ESTONIA’S PRESIDENT ILVES SAYS EU RESPONSE “SHOULD NOT BE ABOUT THE PRICE OF GAS” (what else is there?)
  • U.S. TREASURY CORRECTS TICS DATA RELEASED EARLIER TODAY (#Ref/0)
  • KERRY SAYS PUTIN SPEECH “DIDN’T JIBE WITH REALITY” (YouTube reality?)
  • UKRAINE MAY SEEK COMPENSATION FOR CRIMEA ASSETS: PETRENKO (we don’t recognize it unless you pay us?)
  • MERKEL SAYS NO CHANGE IN RUSSIA G-8 STATUS FOR NOW (nope, they’d have to really cross the red line)
  • RUSSIA FELT ROBBED BY BREAKUP OF SOVIET UNION, PUTIN SAYS (uh oh)
  • CYPRUS OPPOSES MORE SANCTIONS ON RUSSIA: FOR’N MINISTER (RIK) (just capital controls is good)
  • SUGA: WILL DEAL APPROPRIATELY WITH PUTIN’S PLANNED JAPAN VISIT (umm what?)
  • PUTIN: RUSSIA WILL NEVER SEEK CONFRONTATIONS IN WEST, EAST (fingers crossed?)
  • JAPAN HALTS TALKS WITH RUSSIA ON VISA ISSUANCE (and nobody cared)
  • WHITE HOUSE CARNEY “I WOULDN’T IF I WERE YOU” INVEST IN RUSSIA (what do you think of TWTR?)
  • JAPAN DISPLAY STARTS TRADING 15% BELOW IPO PRICE IN TOKYO (shoulda IPO’d in USA)
  • VIETNAM DELAYS SOME BAD DEBT CLASSIFICATION UNTIL APRIL 2015 (will all be fixed by then)

Has the world gone totally mad?

And then there’s this:

  • Fed Tightening May Begin Sooner Than Thought: Hildebrand in FT (not holding our breath)

 

 


    



via Zero Hedge http://ift.tt/1gMFLLw Tyler Durden

Things That Make You Go Hmmm… Like Every New Fed Chair Gets A Test

Ordinarily Grant Williams would bet the ranch on this spat being defused diplomatically and everybody leaving the negotiating table a little disgruntled (which would mean the outcome was just about perfect); but he suspects that markets have become dangerously conditioned — by one perfectly executed landing after another in recent years — to expect (and position for) the best.

As I was mulling all this over today, a good friend emailed me and asked me my thoughts on exactly this topic.

The man in question is one of the very brightest minds it is my pleasure to be able to call on for advice and counsel, and so I thought, what better way to tidy up this week's many questions than by including the culmination of our email conversation (though with the odd expletive removed and certain names changed to protect the innocent):

On 15 Mar, 2014, at 12:10 pm, Mr. Big <mrbig@gmail.com> wrote:

apples to apples? ok, so why, how, what to do?

On Sat, Mar 15, 2014, at 12:26 AM, Grant Williams <ttmygh@me.com> wrote:

My worry is this (I'm writing about it right now):

 

Markets have become conditioned to Goldilocks outcomes manufactured by CBs & govts over a period of three years when EVERYTHING should have gone wrong but nothing has.

 

The Taper hasn't mattered (yet) because everybody believes that, if the wheels come off, the Fed will blink and crank it up again.

 

China's problems are starting to become too difficult to ignore. (GDP 7.7% & PMI sub-50 for a manufacturing economy? Righto. Don't even get me started on the shadow banking system, which is straining at every seam right now.)

 

Abenomics is just beginning to be shown up for the farce it really is — just in time for the consumption tax hike coming in a few weeks. Abe's fabled "three arrows" are not the ones everybody imagines but rather the kind of arrows with a sucker rather than a point on the end. Actually, in this case, on BOTH ends.

 

Putin is in a corner, and we KNOW he don't take to backin' down none.

 

Obama's approval is at all-time lows with midterms on the horizon, so he needs to look Presidential at home.

 

Draghi is trying to force the BuBa to BEG him for QE before turning the taps on, and it is crushing Europe, but he won't blink (I don't think).

 

The Fed meets next week and will taper another $10 bn.

 

That's the broad backdrop. Now, let me ask you this:

 

What if this next $10 bn taper is the "bang" moment when markets suddenly realize that the Fed ARE serious about continuing to wind it down? What if the latent fear over all of the above issues, combined with that next $10 bn and the words of smart guys like Seth Klarman ringing in their ears, tells managers it's "safety time"?

 

At some point the market factors QE at $0 if the Taper continues — and that time ISN'T after they withdraw the last $10 bn.

 

Above all, what if (and the marginal signs have been nagging away at me the last ten days or so) everything goes back to trading how it SHOULD, based on everything we know about markets and economics, instead of lingering in the Magical Fairydust World created by central banks since 2009?

 

Markets have been reacting correctly and beginning to decorrelate over the past several sessions.

 

Where does everything trade if a stimulus level of zero suddenly gets discounted?

 

I don't know EXACTLY, but I'll hazard a guess at "a ****-load lower" to kick things off.

 

Gold is talking loudly, so is copper. JGBs and equities are mumbling, so are bonds.

 

Something is happening, right now, in all the dark corners of the dance hall, and whatever that "something" is, it will NOT lead to an extension of the bull market.

 

Do we "crash"? I think that's the wrong question.

 

The right questions (I think) are these:

 

If a major correction begins, at what stage do they turn on the printing presses again? 10% lower? 15%? 20%?

 

When they DO (and it is WHEN, not IF), what happens now that the last vestige of their credibility has evaporated? A quick spike then a crash, or does the patient flatline on the bed no matter how much juice they pump into it?

 

I'm nervous as hell and feel a sharp disturbance in The Force. We've been here before and pulled back from the brink every time, but this time that outcome is expected again by most, and that is extremely dangerous.

 

Markets are most assuredly NOT ready for reality.

 

What say you, Wise Man?

On Sat, Mar 15, 2014, at 12:33 AM, Mr. Big <mrbig@gmail.com> wrote:

EVERY new Fed chief gets a serious test. Every one. I have been trying to figure Yellen's. I know this:

 

A weakened/prone US, scared Russia, and nervous China is not good and not priced in.

On 15 Mar, 2014, at 12:42 pm, Grant Williams <grantwilliams2@icloud.com> wrote:

Agreed 100%.

 

I've been saying for two years that nothing matters to anybody until it matters to everybody, and I have a nasty feeling that the test is this:

 

Suddenly, in one moment, EVERYTHING matters to everybody.

 

That's something even central banks won't be able to stop.

 

Every new Fed chair gets a test.

Burns had the run on gold that led to Nixon's closing of the window; Miller had the Oil Shock; Volcker had the inflation tiger to wrestle; Greenspan had the '87 crash; and Bernanke had the subprime crisis followed by the 2008 crash.

Now it's Yellen's turn.

After fifteen months of steady and predictable (thanks largely to the Fed's largesse and Draghi's promise to do "whatever it takes"), we are about to enter a period of extreme unpredictability right at the moment when the Fed is about to demonstrate to the markets that, yes, they really ARE serious about continuing to taper $10 bn every month.

The troubles facing the world are far, far broader than just the messy politics of Ukraine; and there is a very real chance that those troubles coalesce into one giant ball of concern that is big enough to shatter the fake sense of calm we've all been lulled into by the passage of time between crises.

If they do coalesce, I can't think of a single asset anywhere in the world that is priced correctly for such a situation.

Full Grant Williams Letter below…

TTMYGH 3.17


    



via Zero Hedge http://ift.tt/1j1cnbh Tyler Durden

Fact Or Fiction: US Freezes Putin’s Netflix Account

WASHINGTON (The Borowitz Report)In what was described as a major ramping up of sanctions, Secretary of State John Kerry announced on Tuesday that the United States had frozen Russian President Vladimir Putin’s Netflix account, effective immediately.

“Unless and until Mr. Putin calls off the annexation of Crimea, no more ‘House of Cards’ or ‘Orange Is the New Black’ for him,” Mr. Kerry said. “The United States will not stand by and reward the annexation of another sovereign nation with a policy of streaming as usual.”

While all of the sanctions Mr. Kerry announced on Tuesday were Netflix-related, he warned Mr. Putin that “nothing is off the table.”

“I’m sure I don’t need to remind the Russian President that ‘Game of Thrones’ is about to come back for another season,” he said. “As I have said, this thing could get very ugly, very fast.”

 

Source: The New Yorker


    



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Paris Is Not Beijing But The Pollution Is As Bad

When you think of polluted cities, the Chinese capital probably springs to mind above all others – as we have noted, given the record-breaking levels of lung-killing smog. But in the past few days, another city is competing with Beijing when it comes to air pollution: Paris. On Friday, the city’s air quality index rating rose to 185, which puts it firmly in the 'unhealthy' bracket with people suffering adverse health effects as a result of breathing the smog. In reaction to this, as France24 reports, for the first time in 17 years, France is limiting vehicle use.

Time-lapse video of Paris pollution:

Via France24,

France is limiting vehicle use in the capital Paris amid a spike in pollution to health-threatening levels, only the second time the drastic measure has been introduced in nearly two decades.

 

 

A system of "alternating traffic", whereby vehicle use is restricted to alternate days depending on licence plate numbers, came into effect in Paris and its 22 surrounding suburbs at 5.30 am (04.30 GMT) on Monday, as the city tries to curb dangerous pollution levels.

 

The radical move has seen around 700 police officers deployed to 60 checkpoints around the French capital to ensure that only cars with number plates ending in odd numbers are out on the streets.

 

 

A decision will then be taken as to whether to extend the measure into Tuesday "depending on how the situation evolves", a statement from the office of French Prime Minister Jean-Marc Ayrault said, with odd numbers potentially banned on Tuesday if an extension is deemed necessary.

 

Electric and hybrid cars will be exempted from the ban as well as any vehicle carrying three people or more.

 

It is the first time since 1997 that the French authorities have resorted to such a drastic measure.

 

 

Paris and much of northern France have been suffering under high pollution levels for several days after an extended period of cool, dry nights with much warmer daytime temperatures – climactic conditions that do not allow pollutant particles to disperse.

 

 

Friday saw pollution levels in the Ile-de-France region, which includes Paris, hit peaks of 185 micrograms of particulate matter per cubic metre of air, far beyond the maximum alert level of 80 micrograms.

So, it seems the Chinese tourists will be right at home in Europe…


    



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