Visualizing The World’s Stock Exchanges

There are 60 major stock exchanges throughout the world, and their range of sizes is quite surprising.

As Visual Capitalist's Jeff Desjardin notes, at the high end of the spectrum is the mighty NYSE, representing $18.5 trillion in market capitalization, or about 27% of the total market for global equities.

At the lower end? Stock exchanges on the tiny islands of Malta, Cyprus, and Bermuda all range from just $1 billion to $4 billion in value. Even added together, these three exchanges make up just 0.01% of total market capitalization.

 

Courtesy of: The Money Project

 

The Trillion Dollar Club

There are 16 exchanges that are a part of the “$1 Trillion Dollar Club” with more than $1 trillion in market capitalization. This elite group, with familiar names such as the NYSE, Nasdaq, LSE, Deutsche Borse, TMX Group, and Japan Exchange Group, comprise 87% of the world’s total value of equities.

Added together, the 44 names outside of this aforementioned group combine for just $9 trillion, or 13%, of the world’s total market capitalization.

Northern Dominance

From a geographical perspective, it is the Northern Hemisphere that is dominant. North America and Europe both hold 40.6% and 19.5% respectively of the world’s markets, and the vast majority of Asia’s 33.3% lies north of the equator in places like Shenzhen, Hong Kong, Tokyo, and Shanghai.

Notable exchanges that are south of the equator include the Australian Securities Exchange, the Indonesia Stock Exchange, the Johannesburg Stock Exchange and the Brazilian BM&F Bovespa.


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A “Baffled” Bank Of Japan Is Shocked By Its “Message Of Despair”

One look at Japan’s bond yields, which moments ago hit a fresh record low for the 20Y maturity as the curve slowly but surely inverts…

 

…. and one would think Haruhiko Kuroda would be delighted.

After all, when he launched NIRP three weeks ago, a world in which negative rates are now a reality, it should have been clear to everyone even children, that yields would collapse as the scramble for any positive yield was unleashed.

The only problem is that Kuroda did not care about yields – positive or negative: what he wanted was to crush the currency and to send the Nikkei soaring – the only two actual “arrows” of Abenomics. Sadly for the BOJ, this time it failed as precisely the opposite of what was expected happened.

 

But, as the WSJ wrote earlier today in an article explaining why the BOJ is baffled (at least before a call from the BOJ forced it to change the title to the far more politically correct “Bank of Japan Faces a New Opponent on Negative Rates: Main Street“)…

 

… Kuroda’s confusion has nothing to do with the market’s reaction; it has everything to do with the reaction by the public.

An appropriately very negative reaction.

Just yesterday, shortly after the BOJ’s shocking announcement, Kuroda found himself dodging a concerted attack in Parliament from lawmakers who charged the policy was “victimizing consumers and sending a message of despair“, the WSJ writes. 

Even a ruling-party member, Masahiro Ishida, called the policy hard to grasp. “It could have the opposite effect of confusing the market,” he said.

It already has. But the problem is not that the market is confused; it is that the market’s reaction to the BOJ’s NIRP, which as we explained previously was largely due to central banker “peer pressure” during this year’s Davos meeting, has led to a global revulsion against negative rates in general, thus validating the BOJ’s error.

The criticism has come as a surprise to central-bank officials who thought their efforts to spark lending and faster economic growth would gain more public support. “Those who understand this policy are criticizing us, and those who do not are also criticizing us,” said one official this week.

Here the WSJ adds something that is patenly wrong: “It is a symptom of a global problem. The more central banks move into unconventional policies, the harder it becomes to get their message across. That is a particular problem when the policies are supposed to work in part by inspiring confidence.”

Dead wrong: central bank policies are supposed to work by boosting the market; the narrative follows from there. It goes without sayinng that had Japan’s NIRP somehow sent stocks soaring and the Yen crashing, the avalanche of praise would have been constant and Kuroda would be deemed a hero in parliament. Alas for the BOJ – which failed at the simple task of manipulating the market higher in the initial kneejerk reaction – that did not happen, and now Kuroda is suddenly fighting for his professional life.

And since the BOJ’s market domination had finally cracked, a new narrative emerged: one which demonstrated the BOJ as being a bunch of “clueless losers”, with no understand of what they are doing.

Although negative interest rates have existed for some time in Europe, the idea was unfamiliar to most Japanese when it burst onto the front pages late last month. Initial accounts focused on what could happen to bank deposit rates. That is a sensitive issue in a society where wages have barely risen since the 1990s and where one in three citizens receives pension income.

 

“Deposit one million yen and earn annual interest of ¥10,” said the headline of an online article Tuesday by Japan’s biggest daily newspaper, the Yomiuri Shimbun, telling savers with nearly $10,000 in the bank that they could expect less than a dime in interest

But nothing demonstrates Kuroda’s bafflement quite as much as the outright hostile reception he got during his speech before parliament on Thursday:

In Parliament on Thursday, opposition lawmaker Shinkun Haku squared off with the Bank of Japan’s Gov. Kuroda on whether commercial banks would effectively introduce negative rates by hitting consumers with fees in excess of the tiny amount of interest paid. “Can you deny that banks will put an additional burden on average depositors?” Mr. Haku said. “If you can’t deny it, don’t. It’s a yes or no.”

 

Mr. Kuroda said he didn’t want to speculate about fees, but “there’s no chance that deposit interest rates will turn negative.”

Which is a lie – not only will deposit rates ultimately turn negative, the only questions are when and by how much. 

He said negative interest rates had helped spur lending in Europe with few harmful effects. “Europe has much larger minus interest than the Bank of Japan, and I haven’t heard of minus interest rates being applied to individual depositors there,” he said.

Someone please inform the Credit Suisse or Deutsche Bank stock about the “few harmful effects”, or the fact that Europe’s economy is once again slowly relapsing into a recession, only this time with some 1.5 million Syrian refugees to partake in the festivities.

It didn’t stop there:

“Mr. Kuroda’s responses merely inspired further attacks from the opposition, which has been looking with little success for an issue with which to dent Prime Minister Shinzo Abe’s popularity…. a Communist Party lawmaker, Akira Koike, said negative interest rates were bad public relations. “You have sent a message to the people that they had better watch out because Japan’s economy is in trouble,” Mr. Koike said.

Which in itself is a stunning of just how stupid communists, or anyone else for that matter, still are and are utterly incapable of grasping the most simple equality of the post-crisis era, namely that any central banks intervening = the economy is in trouble.

And of course Japan’s economy is in trouble: it has had 6 recessions in the past 6 years as it rushes toward a demographic singularity in which there is simply no longer a Japanese population. Japan’s economy is in so much trouble, the only question is when does it disintegrate into a Venezuela-style supernova.

But we can see where the confusion comes from. As the WSJ conveniently notes, central banks “policies are supposed to work in part by inspiring confidence” and instead “lawmakers charged the policy was victimizing consumers and sending a message of despair.

No: the message is one of reality, because the can kicking for Japan, having gone on for 40 years, is almost over. The good news about a central bank-free future is that it will hurt – a lot – for a while, and then normal growth can resume, but not before trillions in fake paper wealth are wiped out and quadrillions (in Yen terms) in debt is swept away.

As for Kuroda, we will fondly remember him forever as Peter Panic. There was also this pearl in the WSJ piece: “opposition lawmaker Motoyuki Odachi accused Mr. Kuroda of sounding like a World War II propaganda broadcast.

Dear Motoyuki, all central bankers sound like a World War II propaganda broadcast, one on which the time has long ago come to pull the plug.


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Fed Skeptics Seek Gold Safe-Haven As Bullion Bears Capitulate

Gold is having one of its best starts to a year in history as investors start to lose faith in central bankers’ ability to deal with economic challenges. Fed skeptics as well as capitulating bullion bears are being drawn to the precious metals as Bloomberg reports,

“The safe-haven demand appears to be where people are focused on, and that is on a loss of faith in central banks being able to manage through this period,” said Klein, executive chairman of Australia’s second-biggest producer.

 

Bullion is “certainly getting more attention from people who have generally been bears over the past few years,” Klein said in a phone interview.

Even with the weakness of the last few days, Gold is still up 15% YTD – the best in at least a decade…

Prices have gained as investors scaled back expectations for tighter policy from the Fed…

“There seems to be general skepticism now, both from the Fed’s language and from market participants, as to whether that’s going to be possible,” said Klein, who’s been a gold-industry executive for about 20 years.

 

“All the financial markets, and all the asset classes, seem to be highly sensitive to central-bank policy.”

Gold's standout year is also driving some long-term bears to capitulate… (as Bloomberg details)

For years, ABN AMRO Group NV’s Georgette Boele has been a staunch bear on gold as prices tumbled. Now with gold on the brink of a bull market, she’s changed her tune.

 

Boele changed her year-end forecast to $1,300 an ounce from $900, according to report released Tuesday.

 

 

ABN Amro is becoming more pessimistic about the global economy, especially in the U.S., emerging markets and countries with exposure to oil. Boele no longer expects the Federal Reserve to raise interest rates this year.

 

“Having been long-standing bears we have now turned bullish on precious metal prices,” Boele wrote. “Our new scenario sees a longer period of weaker global growth.”

As Klein concludes, "it does seem like there’s a general review of gold as an investment sector by people who haven’t been interested in it for years." And yet Goldman will still do its best to tell you to sell your gold (to them).


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Why The Chinese Yuan Will Lose 30% Of Its Value

Submitted by Charles Hugh-Smith of OfTwoMinds blog,

The stark truth is nobody wants yuan any more.

The U.S. dollar (USD) has gained over 35% against major currencies since 2011.

China's government has pegged its currency, the yuan (renminbi) to the USD for many years. Until mid-2005, the yuan was pegged at about 8.3 to the dollar. After numerous complaints that the yuan was being kept artificially low to boost Chinese exports to the U.S., the Chinese monetary authorities let the yuan appreciate from 8.3 to about 6.8 to the dollar in 2008.

This peg held steady until mid-2010, at which point the yuan slowly strengthened to 6 in early 2014. From that high point, the yuan has depreciated moderately to around 6.5 to the USD.

Interestingly, this is about the same level the yuan reached in 2011, when the USD struck its multiyear low. Since 2011, the USD has gained (depending on which index or weighting you choose) between 25% and 35%. I think the chart above (trade-weighted USD against major currencies) is more accurate than the conventional DXY index.

Due to the USD peg, the yuan has appreciated in lockstep with the U.S. dollar against other currencies. On the face of it, the yuan would need to devalue by 35% just to return to its pre-USD-strength level in 2011. This would imply an eventual return to the yuan's old peg around 8.3–or perhaps as high as 8.7.

Longtime correspondent Mark G. submitted this article China's Subprime Crisis Is Here:

The dynamic is clear. A splurge of new lending can help to dilute existing bad loans, but only at a cost. This is a game that can't continue forever, particularly if credit is being foisted on to an already over-leveraged and slowing economy. At some point, the music will stop and there will have to be a reckoning. The longer China postpones that, the harder it will be.

Mark also submitted the following commentary:

It seems the best way to assess the likely effects and outcomes is to look at what the Chinese government can control, and at what it can't control. And we should observe at the start that the yuan is not a global reserve currency.

 

1. Beijing can control the amount of yuan in existence. It can therefore easily pay off all these bad internal debts, at least in a strict book keeping sense. And it can also recapitalize its bankrupt banks to any degree necessary, at least in yuan. The process of doing so involves assigning winners and losers. The latter group will comprise anyone earning a subsistence working wage in yuan and anyone whose assets primarily consist of savings in yuan.

 

2. Undertaking #1 will lead to a large increase in the amount of yuan in existence. Here Beijing will be acutely sensitive to any increase in food prices since this can swiftly lead to mass food riots and the concomitant rapid and bloody end of the regime. Therefore food prices have to be insulated somehow from this huge internal devaluation.

 

3. Beijing cannot permanently control the yuan-dollar exchange rate or any other FOREX rate involving yuan. It can do so in the short term but only to the limit of its usable foreign exchange reserves. This total is minus the FOREX working capital China needs to pay for imported raw materials and fuels. And also food: China’s Growing Demand for Agricultural Imports (USDA)

 

It appears that one certain outcome will be a huge depreciation in the value of yuan. Bailout of the bad bank debt is reason #1 to print yuan. The decline of yuan will lead to lower prices and a temporary relief of U.S.-based automation pressure on export market share. This begins to become a Reason #2.

How this will be received outside China is the immediate question. Probably not too favorably.

One way to paper over impaired loans is to issue a flood of new credit: this dilutes the problem and enables defaulted loans to be "paid down" with new loans that are doomed to default once the ink is dry: China Created A Record Half A Trillion Dollars Of Debt In January (Zero Hedge)

Here's the larger context of China's debt/currency implosion. From roughly 1989 to 2014–25 years–the "sure bet" in the global economy was to invest in China by moving production to China.

This flood of capital into China only gained momentum as the yuan appreciated in value against the USD once Chinese authorities loosened the peg from 8.3 to 6.6 and then all the way down to 6 to the dollar.

Every dollar transferred to China and converted to yuan gained as much as 25% over the years of yuan appreciation. Those hefty returns on cash sitting in yuan sparked a veritable tsunami of capital into China.

Now that the tide of capital has reversed, nobody wants yuan: not foreign firms, not FX punters and not the Chinese holding massive quantities of depreciating yuan.

This is why "housewives" from China are buying homes in Vancouver B.C. for $3 million. That $3 million could fall to $2 million as the yuan devalues to the old peg around 8.3 to the USD.

Who's left who believes the easy money is to be made in China? Nobody. Anyone seeking high quality overseas production is moving factories to the U.S. for its appreciating dollar and cheap energy, or to Vietnam or other locales with low labor costs and depreciated currencies.

For years, China bulls insisted China could crush the U.S. simply by selling a chunk of its $4 trillion foreign exchange reserves hoard of U.S. Treasuries. Now that China has dumped over $700 billion of its reserves in a matter of months, this assertion has been revealed as false: the demand for USD is strong enough to absorb all of China's selling and still push the USD higher.

The stark truth is nobody wants yuan any more. Why buy something that is sure to lose value? the only question is how much value? The basic facts suggest a 30% loss and a return to the old peg of 8.3 is baked in.

But that doesn't mean the devaluation of the yuan has to stop at 8.3: just as the dollar's recent strength is simply Stage One of a multi-stage liftoff, the yuan's devaluation to 8 to the USD is only the first stage of a multi-year devaluation.

 


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Bilal Erdogan Accused Of Money Laundering In Italy

Regular readers are no doubt familiar with Bilal Erdogan.

Bilal is the son of Turkish dictator President Recep Tayyip Erdogan who is on the verge of kicking off World War III by invading Syria in what is sure to be an ill-fated effort to shore up rebel forces and preserve the Azaz corridor, the last remaining supply line for the opposition which is staging what amounts to a last stand at Aleppo.

Erdogan’s family was put under the microscope by the Russian defense ministry in the wake of Ankara’s decision to shoot down a Russian Su-24 on the Syrian border in late November. “What a brilliant family business!,” Deputy Minister of Defence Anatoly Antonov remarked, at a press briefing documenting Turkey’s connection to Islamic State’s illicit oil trafficking operation. 

For those who might have missed the backstory, you’re encouraged to read the following articles in their entirety:

Put simply, there are any number of reasons to believe that AKP and the Erdogan family are complicit in the sale of illicit crude not only from Massoud Barzani and the Iraqi Kurds, but from Islamic State as well. 

ISIS oil and Erbil’s crude are both technically “undocumented” and considering that “the terrorists” are only producing around 45,000 b/d versus the 630,000 b/d the Iraqi Kurds are churning out, it’s easy for Islamic State’s product to get “lost” or to disappear as a rounding error, as it were. 

Some say Bilal Erdogan is directly involved in getting ISIS crude to market via the Turkish port of Ceyhan, where tanker rates mysteriously spike around siginificant oil-related events involving Islamic State. 

Bilal owns a Maltese shipping company which is almost certainly involved in the transport of stolen (and yes, regardless of whether the Iraqi Kurds’ claims to statehood are legitimate, they are for the time being anyway, stealing oil form Baghdad) Iraqi oil to global markets. The question is whether the same connections and routes used to transport Barzani’s oil are being used to transport Islamic State’s product. 

We won’t recount the whole story here as you can read the entire account in the articles linked above, but we were amused to discover that Bilal Erdogan is now being investigated by Italian authorities for money laundering. “Prosecutors in Bologna have opened an investigation into the financial dealings of Bilal Erdogan, 35, who is currently living in the city with his family while he studies for a doctorate at an offshoot of Johns Hopkins University,” The Telegraph reports, adding that “the investigation was opened after Murat Hakan Uzan, a businessman and political opponent of the Erdogan family, made the allegations about money laundering to the Italian authorities.” Here’s more:

Mr Uzan, who is in exile in France and claims to have been persecuted by the Erdogan regime, claimed that Bilal Erdogan was stockpiling money in Italy because he saw the country as a potential bolt-hole should he face problems at home.

Mr Uzan, a wealthy businessman, filed a criminal complaint with prosecutors in Bologna, accusing the president’s son of contravening Italy’s financial laws by bringing in huge amounts of money without declaring it to the authorities.

 

The claims of money laundering are being investigated by Manuela Cavallo, Bologna’s chief public prosecutor. Calls to her office were not answered.

 

Wiretapped telephone conversations were leaked in which two people alleged to be President Erdogan and his son were heard discussing how to dispose of large sums of cash.

 

The conversations allegedly took place in December 2013, on the day that sons of three Cabinet ministers were detained as part of a vast corruption investigation.

 

The Turkish government insisted they were fabricated. Both the president and his son denied any wrongdoing.

 

Bilal, who is one of President Erdogan’s four children, has commercial interests in shipping and oil tankers.

 

In December Russia accused him and his family of profiting from the illegal smuggling of oil from territory held by Islamic State in Iraq and Syria.

Bilal’s attorneys aren’t prepared to comment. “I have nothing to say,” Giovanni Trombini , one of Bilal’s lawyers said. “Trials should be held in court, not in the press.

True.

But this is the court of public opinion and we implore readers to render their judgement below. Just beware the wrath of Bilal’s bow…


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Markets Ignore Fundamentals And Chase Headlines Because They Are Dying

Submitted by Brandon Smith via Alt-Market.com,

Normalcy bias is a rather horrifying thing. It is so frightening because it is so final; much like death, there is simply no coming back. Rather than a physical death, normalcy bias represents the death of reason and simple observation. It is the death of the mind and cognitive thought instead of the death of the body.

Ever since the derivatives collapse of 2008 the public has been regaled with wondrous stories of recovery in the mainstream to the point that such fantasies have become the "new normal". These are grand tales of the daring heroics of central bankers who “saved us all” from impending collapse through gutsy monetary policy and no-holds-barred stimulus measures.

Alternative economists have not been so easy to dazzle. Most of us found that the recovery narrative lacked a certain something; namely hard data that took the wider picture into account. It seemed as though the mainstream media (MSM) as well as the establishment was attempting to cherry-pick certain numbers out of context while demanding we ignore all other factors as “unimportant.”

We just haven’t been buying into the magic show of the so called “professional economists” and the academics, and now that the real and very unstable fiscal reality of the world is bubbling to the surface, the general public will begin to see why we have been right all these years and the MSM has been utterly wrong.

Mainstream economists have done absolutely nothing in the way of investigative journalism and have instead joined a chorus cheerleading for the false narrative, singing a siren’s song of misinterpreted statistics and outright lies drawing the masses ever nearer to the deadly shoals of financial crisis.

Why do they do this? Are they part of some vast conspiracy to mislead the public?

Not necessarily. While central banks and governments have indeed been proven time and again to collude in efforts to cover up financial dangers, most economists in the media are simply greedy and ignorant. You have to remember, they have a considerable stake in this game.

Many mainstream economists tend to have sizable investment portfolios and they base their careers partly on the successes they garner in the annual profits they accumulate playing the equities roulette. They also have invested so much of their public image into their pro-market and recovery arguments that there is no going back. That is to say, they have a personal interest in using their positions in the media to engineer positive market psychology (if they are able) so that their portfolios remain profitable. Not to mention, their professional image is at stake if they ever acknowledge that they were wrong for so long about the underlying health of the real economy.

This atmosphere of deluded self interest also generates a cult-like collectivist attitude. There is a lot of mutual back scratching and mutual ego stroking in the MSM; a kind of inbred conduit of regurgitated arguments and unoriginal talking points, and people in the club rarely step out of line because they not only hurt their own investment future and career, they also hurt everyone in their professional circles.  Meaning, no more cocktail party invitations to the Forbes rumpus room…

This is not to say that I am excusing their self interested lies and disinformation. I think that many of these people should be tarred and feathered in a public square for attempting to dissuade the public from preparing in a practical way for severe economic instability. I do not think they see themselves as being responsible to the people who actually take their nonsense seriously and their attitude needs adjustment. I am only explaining how it is possible for an entire profession of supposed “experts” to be so wrong so often. Mainstream financial analysts WANT to believe their own lies as much as many in the public want to believe them.

Like I said, normalcy bias is a rather horrifying thing.

One of the root pieces of disinformation in the mainstream that feeds all other lies is the disinformation surrounding falling global demand. MSM pundits cannot and will never fully admit to the cold hard reality of collapsing demand within the global economy. If they are forced to admit to falling demand, then the facade of a steady or recovering U.S. economy crumbles.

I covered the facts behind falling global demand for raw goods and consumer goods last year in part one of my six-part article series, 'One Last Look At The Real Economy Before It Implodes.' The hard evidence and numbers I presented have only become more important in recent months.

For example, U.S. inventories are building and freight shipments are declining in the U.S. as retailers cite falling demand for goods as the primary culprit. Official retail sales numbers for the holiday season of 2015 have come in flat. When one takes into account real inflation in prices, consumer sales are actually far in the negative. According to the more accurate methods the U.S. government used to use in their calculations of CPI in the 1980’s, we are looking at annual price inflation rate of around 7%. Price inflation does not necessarily equal improved sales.

Energy usage has been crushed since 2008. Despite a growing population and supposedly a growing economic system, oil consumption in 2014 according to the World Economic Forum dropped to levels not seen since 1997.

This is the exact opposite of what should be happening and it is the opposite of mainstream projections for oil consumption made back in 2003. This is why inventories and storage for oil across the globe are reaching capacity in a manner never seen before. American demand for oil is not growing exponentially as expected because Americans cannot afford to support such growth anymore. Falling energy demand at these extreme levels is an undeniable indicator of a failing economic system.

Of course, mainstream economists in their desperation to keep market psychology rolling forward and the equities casino producing profits seek to spin this problem as an “oversupply” issue rather than a demand issue. And this is where the disparity in their arguments begins to bleed through.

Here is the problem presented in the mainstream; what came first, the chicken or the egg? Did falling demand lead to oversupply and thus a fall in prices? Or, is demand remaining steady and is overproduction the cause of falling prices?  Yes, let's confuse the issue instead of looking at the obvious.

As already linked above, it was falling demand which came first in 2008, and demand which continues to fall in relation to past trends. Have producers failed to reduce oil production to match falling demand? Yes. But this does not change the fact that oil demand today is well below levels needed to sustain the kind of economic growth markets have come to expect. Mainstream economists attempt to distract by hyper-focusing on supply, or twisting the discussion into an either/or scenario. Either it is a supply problem, or it is a demand problem, and they assert it is only a supply problem. This is not reality.

In fact, both can and often do exist at the same time, though one problem usually feeds the other. Falling demand does tend to result in oversupply in any particular sector of the economy. The bottom line, however, is that in our current crisis demand is the driving force and supply is a secondary issue. Supply is NOT the driving force behind the volatility in oil markets. Period.

This same chicken and egg distraction rears its ugly head in discussions on shipping markets as well.

The mainstream claim that the historic implosion of the Baltic Dry Index is nothing more than a problem of “too many ships” operating in the cargo market has been throttled, dissected and debunked so many times that you would think that it is surely dead. But the lie just will not die.

Mainstream propaganda houses like The Economist and Forbes continue to produce articles on a regular basis which deny the issue of falling demand for raw goods and claim that oversupply of vessels is the root cause of the BDI losing around 98 percent of its value since its highs in 2008.

I haven’t seen any of these articles offer actual stats or evidence to back their claims that oversupply of ships is the culprit and that demand is not a legitimate issue. But beyond that, why does the mainstream seem so hell bent on dismissing the BDI as a reliable economic indicator? Well, because shipping rates fall when demand falls, thus, when the BDI falls, it signals a lack of global demand. This is a fact they refuse to accept. When the BDI falls by 98 percent since the 2008 highs preceding the derivatives crisis, this signals a disaster in the making.

So, let’s stamp out the “too many ships came first” disinformation once and for all, shall we?

Shipping companies like Maersk Lines have already publicly admitted that falling global demand is the core problem behind falling rates and that supply is a secondary driver. They view the current financial crisis to be “worse than 2008”.

The fact that the largest shipping company in the world is warning of falling demand does not seem to be having any effect on the mainstream talking heads, though.

So, what do major shipping companies do when demand is falling and too many ships are operating on the market? Do they field those ships anyway and drive rates down even further? No, that makes no sense.

What companies do is either leave ships idle in port or scrap them. According to BIMCO (Baltic And International Maritime Council), 2015 was the busiest year since 2012 for the scrapping of older ships to make way for new arrivals. This process of scrapping ships or storing them idle destroys the argument that too many ships are driving falling rates in the BDI. In fact, as chief shipping analyst Peter Sand of BIMCO stated last year:

“The increase in Capesize scrapping comes at a much needed time for the market. Looking at the development so far this year the fleet growth has actually been negative, with a reduction of 0.8 %.”

I hope the garbage peddlers at Forbes and The Economist caught that — NEGATIVE growth of ship supply, not massive over-growth of ship supply. The scrapping increase was also across the board for other models of ships, not just the Capsize, and the increase of cargo capacity by new ships has been negligible.  Yet, shipping rates continue to plummet to historical lows.  Only falling demand, as Maersk Lines admits, explains the crash of the BDI in light of this information.

China in particular has been offering considerable incentives to those companies that do scrap older ships, to the point that some are even scrapping semi-new ships in order to cash in.

Now, this is not to say there is not an “oversupply” of ships. There are indeed many ships within cargo fleets that are not in operation. But again, this is because demand has declined so completely that even with increased scrapping and idling, shipping companies cannot keep up.  Falling demand OCCURRED FIRST, and oversupply is nothing more than a symptom of this root problem.

So, mainstream hacks, can we please put the “too many ships” nonsense to rest and get on with a real discussion on obvious issues of demand?  Stop focusing on the symptoms and examine the cause for once.

These are just a few of the hundreds of fundamental problems plaguing the global economy today, and they are all problems that the mainstream continues to ignore or dismiss out of hand. Which brings us to the now accelerating volatility in stock markets.

Stock markets are crashing, there is no other way to paint it. They are crashing incrementally, but crashing nonetheless. When you have violent swings in equities and commodities between 5 percent and 10 percent a day, then something is very wrong with your economy and has been wrong for some time. If global consumption and demand were really steady or growing, then you would not see the kind of systemic backlash in the financial system that we are now seeing.  If companies listed on the Dow were making legitimate profits due to a healthy consumer base and enjoying solid expansion, stocks would not be increasingly volatile.  If investors and mainstream analysts actually looked at the real numbers in demand (among other things), then the strange behavior in markets would be easy for them to understand. They will not look at such numbers until it is too late.

Instead, markets have chosen to chase headlines, and here is where the ugly circle of normalcy bias and cognitive dissonance completes itself. There are no positive indicators within the fundamentals today to energize market faith or market investment. So, investors and algorithmic trading computers track news headlines instead. The MSM hacks now have the power (along with central banks and governments) to create massive stock rallies with one or two carefully placed news tags, such as “Russia To Discuss Oil Production Cuts With OPEC.”

Market speculators and trading computers jump on these headlines without verifying if they are true. In most cases, they end up being false or just hearsay from an “unnamed source.” And so, the markets then crash further down into the abyss, waiting for the next headline to bolster activity even for a day.

The sad truth is, if any of these headlines turned out to be legitimate, their effect would still be meaningless in the long run as the overwhelming weight of the fundamentals continues to topple poorly placed optimism. Now that the investment world no longer has the certainty of central bank intervention as a useful tool, they don’t know if bad news is good news or if good news is bad news. The fact that the system is moving into a death spiral without the psychological crutch of central bank stimulus measures should tell you all you need to know about the supposed recovery since 2008.

No society wants to admit economic failure or economic sabotage, and this is why the con-game is able to continue in the face of so much concrete truth. Ultimately, the market trends and economic trends will flow into the negative. In the meantime, expect massive market rallies, rallies which will then disintegrate in a matter of days. And, whatever happens, never take what mainstream economists say very seriously. They have failed the public for long enough.


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BofA Asks: Is This The Chinese Shadow Bank Failure That Will This Trigger The Chain Reaction

While various Chinese bubbles have already burst in recent years, including those in the real estate, stock market and fixed investment sectors, so far the credit and shadow banking bubbles linger on with bond yields recently touching on record lows as the money invested in the various other bubbles has migrated into various forms of fixed income, including investment companies which promise exorbitant returns.

The reason why this particular bubble has proven so resilient is because up to this point the government has been willing to directly or indirectly bail out the participants. However, as Bank of America’s David Cui writes today, that may not be the case for much longer.

Take the case of Shanxi-based shadow bank Xinsheng. As CBN writes today, this is the latest shadow bank to collapse, a bank whose Shanghai subsidiary alone sold RMB1.9 billion in wealth management products to over 5,000 investors and is now unable to return the funds.  As Chiecon writes, the company marketed “asset securitisation” wealth management products promising annual returns between  13%-24%. In reality, client funds were diverted into real estate projects, mainly office buildings, in lower tier cities, where chronic oversupply has depressed local property prices. Some investors are now protesting outside the company’s Shanghai branch office.

As Bank of America adds, as large as Xinsheng’s sounds, it pales against some of the other recent defaults in the lightly regulated P2P and private wealth management product markets. For example, in July 2015, a commodity exchange, Fanya, defaulted on Rmb43bn, involving some 220k investors nationwide (Yunnan News, Feb 5); in Nov, a P2P platform, Caifu Milestone, defaulted on Rmb5bn from some 75k individuals (China Business News, Jan 11); in Dec, a P2P platform, eZubao, defaulted on Rmb50bn from some 900k investors (New Beijing News, Feb 1); in Jan, a P2P platform, Rongzicheng, defaulted on Rmb1.5bn (Economic Information, Jan 26); another P2P player, Shengshi Caifu, defaulted on Rmb2bn from some 7k investors (Rong360, Jan 21).

The charts below show BofA’s estimates related to the default cases in the shadow banking sector, based on media reports of high profile actual default cases. What is notable is that while the number of reported cases has remained relatively low, the size of the blow ups has soared in recent months.

So far, none of the six cases mentioned above in the P2P and private wealth management product markets have been resolved, and there has been no clarification from the companies or local governments on potential solutions. Unless the government decides to bail investors out, large losses could ensue, Cui warns.

Previously, defaults mainly occurred in more stringently regulated areas e.g. trust and bond, and involved financial institutions with large balance sheets. The cases were often resolved in investors’ favor.

In a scenario in which investors are not bailed out and thus become more cautious, eg, rolling over some of the debt instruments in the shadow banking sector, some borrowers may struggle to obtain credit, for example, developers and coal miners.

Whether this scenario would trigger a chain reaction is a key risk that needs to be monitored.

Moreover, given the default pressure in the trust and bond market markets as detailed in the list of defaults at the end of this article, cases may emerge there eventually.

The paradox, as Cui concludes, is that if shadow banking investors continue to be bailed out, this would imply a further strengthening of the implicit guarantee, and potentially, put pressure on growth, increase the debt burden and hurt RMB stability.

BofA’s conclusion: “financial system risk is arguably the most important risk facing market this year. Until the debt issue is addressed, we believe it is unlikely we will see the bottom of the market.

We don’t know, but we find it disturbing that suddenly a whole lot of banks around the globe – from Germany to China – are being watched very closely as a potential catalyst that will spark the next crisis. Wasn’t the entire point of the 2008/9 bailout and subsequent injection of trillions in central bank liquidity to ensure that precisely this scenario does not occur?

And speaking of defaults of either plain vanilla companies, or shadow bank trusts, here is a brief list of all recent Chinese defaults: how long until the the losses from any one of these – or some upcoming default – are simply too large for the government to pocket, and the inevitable “chain reaction” is finally triggered.


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When Paper Money Becomes Trash

Submitted by Nick Giambruno via InternationalMan.com,

This definitive sign of a currency collapse is easy to see…

When paper money literally becomes trash.

Maybe you’ve seen images depicting hyperinflation in Germany after World War I. The German government had printed so much money that it became worthless. Technically, German merchants still accepted the currency, but it was impractical to use. It would have required wheelbarrows full of paper money just to buy a loaf of bread.

At the time, no one would bother to pick up money off the ground. It wasn’t worth any more than the other crumpled pieces of paper on the street.

Today, there’s a similar situation in the U.S. When was the last time you saw someone make the effort to pick up a penny off the street? A nickel? A dime?

Walking around New York City recently, I saw pennies, nickels, and dimes just sitting there on busy sidewalks. This happened at least five times in one day. Even homeless people wouldn’t bother to bend over and pick up anything less than a quarter.

The U.S. dollar has become so debased that these coins are essentially pieces of rubbish. They have little to no practical value.

Refusing to Acknowledge the Truth

It costs 1.7 cents to make a penny and 8 cents to make a nickel, according to the U.S. Government Accountability Office. The U.S. government loses tens of millions of dollars every year putting these coins into circulation.

Why is it wasting money and time making coins almost no one uses? Because phasing out the penny and nickel would mean acknowledging currency debasement. And governments never like to do that. It would reveal their incompetence and theft from savers.

This isn’t new or unique to the U.S. For decades, governments around the world have refused to phase out worthless currency denominations. This helps them deny the problem even exists. They refuse to issue currency in higher denominations for the same reason.

Take Argentina, for example. The country has some of the highest inflation in the world. In the last 12 months, the peso has lost over half its value.

I was just in Argentina, and the largest bill there is the 100-peso note, which is worth around $7. It’s not uncommon for Argentinians to pay with large wads of cash at restaurants and stores. The sight would unnerve many Americans, who’ve been trained by the government through the War on Cash to view it as suspicious and dangerous.

For many years, the Argentine government refused to issue larger notes. Fortunately, that’s changing under the recently elected pro-market president Mauricio Macri. His government has promised to introduce 200-, 500-, and 1,000-peso notes in the near future.

This is the opposite of what’s happening in the U.S., where the $100 bill is the largest bill in circulation. That wasn’t always the case. At one point, the U.S. had $500, $1,000, $5,000, and even $10,000 bills. The government eliminated these large bills in 1969 under the pretext of fighting the War on Some Drugs.

The $100 bill has been the largest ever since. But it has far less purchasing power than it did in 1969. Decades of rampant money printing have debased the dollar. Today, a $100 note buys less than a $20 note did in 1969.

Even though the Federal Reserve has devalued the dollar over 80% since 1969, it still refuses to issue notes larger than $100.

Pennies and Nickels Under Sound Money

For perspective, consider what a penny and a nickel would be worth under a sound money system backed by gold. From 1792 to 1934, the price of gold was around $20 per ounce. Under this system, it took around 2,000 pennies to make an ounce of gold. At today’s gold price, a “sound money penny” would be worth about 55 modern pennies. A “sound money nickel” would be worth about $3.

I don’t pick up pennies off the sidewalk. But I would if pennies were backed by gold. If that were to happen, I doubt there would be many pennies sitting on busy New York sidewalks.

Ron Paul said it best when he discussed this issue…

“There is an old German saying that goes, ‘Whoever does not respect the penny is not worthy of the dollar.’ It expresses the sense that those who neglect or ignore the small things cannot be trusted with larger things, and fittingly describes the problems facing both the dollar and our nation today.

Unless Congress puts an end to the Fed’s loose monetary policy and returns to a sound and stable dollar, the issue of U.S. coin composition will be revisited every few years until inflation finally forces coins out of circulation altogether and we are left with only worthless paper.”

There’s an important lesson here.

Politicians and bureaucrats are the biggest threats to your financial security. For years, they’ve been quietly debasing the country’s currency… and inviting a currency catastrophe.

Most people have no idea how bad things can get when a currency collapses… let alone how to prepare.


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Tech Exec “Outraged” At Having To See “Homeless Riff-Raff”, Warns Of Revolution

In an open letter to San Francisco's mayor Ed Lee, tech entrepreneur Justin Keller said he is "outraged" that wealthy workers have to see people in pain and despair. As The Guardian reports,

The latest cultural altercation between San Francisco’s tech workers and the city’s impoverished population finds one such 'entitled' citizen declaring the homeless are "riff raff" whose "pain, struggle and despair" shouldn’t have to be endured by "wealthy" people commuting to work.

Full Open Letter (via JustInk)

I am writing today, to voice my concern and outrage over the increasing homeless and drug problem that the city is faced with. I’ve been living in SF for over three years, and without a doubt it is the worst it has ever been. Every day, on my way to, and from work, I see people sprawled across the sidewalk, tent cities, human feces, and the faces of addiction. The city is becoming a shanty town… Worst of all, it is unsafe.

 

This holiday weekend, I had my parents in town from Santa Barbara and relatives from Denver and Rochester New York. Unfortunately, there was three separate incidents and countless times that we were approached for money and harassed.

 

The first incident involved a homeless drunken man in the morning coming up to their car and leaning up against it. Another bystander got frustrated with the drunken man, and they got into a heated pushing and shoving altercation.

 

The second incident occurred as we were leaving Tadich Grill in the financial district. A distraught, and high person was right in front of the restaurant, yelling, screaming, yelling about cocaine, and even, attempted to pull his pants down and show his genitals.

 

Finally, last night Valentines, I was at Kabuki Theater inside watching a movie. About two hours into the film, a man stumbled in the front door. He proceeded to walk into the theater, down the aisle to the front, wobbled toward the emergency door, opened it, and then took his shirt off and laid down. He then came back into the theater shielding his eyes from the running projector. My girlfriend was terrified and myself and many people ran out of the theater.

 

What are you going to do to address this problem? The residents of this amazing city no longer feel safe. I know people are frustrated about gentrification happening in the city, but the reality is, we live in a free market society. The wealthy working people have earned their right to live in the city. They went out, got an education, work hard, and earned it. I shouldn’t have to worry about being accosted. I shouldn’t have to see the pain, struggle, and despair of homeless people to and from my way to work every day. I want my parents when they come visit to have a great experience, and enjoy this special place.

 

I am telling you, there is going to be a revolution. People on both sides are frustrated, and you can sense the anger. The city needs to tackle this problem head on, it can no longer ignore it and let people do whatever they want in the city. I don’t have a magic solution… It is a very difficult and complex situation, but somehow during Super Bowl, almost all of the homeless and riff raff seem to up and vanish. I’m willing to bet that was not a coincidence. Money and political pressure can make change. So it is time to start making progress, or we as citizens will make a change in leadership and elect new officials who can.

 

Democracy is not the last stop in politics. In-fact, the order of progression according to Socrates via Plato in the Republic goes: timocracy, oligarchy, democracy, and finally tyranny. Socrates argues that a society will decay and pass through each government in succession, eventually becoming a tyranny.

 

“The greater my city, the greater the individual.”

Finally, having been throughly abused we suspect, Keller appended the following to his "open letter"…

"I want to apologize for using the term riff raff. It was insensitive and counterproductive."

And in an email to the Guardian, Keller added that he was writing an additional blog post about the issue.

“The thesis of the post was that inaction by the city and officials is not working. We all as citizens of San Francisco need to figure out how we can improve the city and address the homeless and drug addiction problem straight on,” he said.

 

I in no way meant to vilify homeless or drug users, my frustration was that we as citizens don’t feel safe. The amount of violent crime is increasing, and it affects everybody. What specific measures is the city taking to proactively help the homeless and drug addicted?

 

“Instead of crucifying me, we all as citizens should be crucifying the city and elected government officials for ineptness. The status quo is not working.”

Oh well I'm sure you're forgiven then… Let's ask one of the homeless riff raff themselves…

“Being homeless is like being the germ of the city. That’s how they treat you,” said Bercé Perry, a homeless resident of San Francisco. Perry was standing outside his tent in an encampment underneath the Highway 101 overpass. The 42-year-old said he had been homeless for about one year, and he has little patience for the distaste some people have for his presence in the city.

 

“They don’t care about nobody but themselves,” Perry said about the wealthy tech workers who’ve moved into San Francisco. “If you got money, you just want to grab anything you can get.”

ne wonders just how close to homeless Keller will be when his "Pets.com" collapses?


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Crypto-Wars Escalate: Congress Plans Bill To Force Companies To Comply With Decryption Orders

Seemingly angered at the temerity of Apple's Tim Cook's defense of individual's privacy and security, Congress has escalated the 'crypto-wars' that are dividing Washington and Silcon Valley. In its most directly totalitarian move yet, WSJ reports that Senate Intelligence Committee Chairman Richard Burr (R., N.C.) is working on a proposal that would create criminal penalties for companies that don’t comply with court orders to decipher encrypted communications. It seems Edward Snowden was right, The FBI is creating a world where citizens rely on Apple to defend their right, rather than the other way around.

Liberty Blitzkrieg's Mike Krieger provides some much-needed background in the escalation of the crypto-wars. The feds, and the FBI in particular, have been very vocal for a long time now about the desire to destroy strong encryption, i.e., the ability of citizens to communicate privately. A year ago, I wrote the following in the post, By Demanding Backdoors to Encryption, U.S. Government is Undermining Global Freedom and Security:

One of the biggest debates happening at the intersection of technology and privacy at the moment revolves around the U.S. government’s fear that the American peasantry may gain access to strong encryption in order to protect their private communications. Naturally, this isn’t something Big Brother wants to see, and the “solution” proposed by the status quo revolves around forcing technology companies to provide a way for the state to have access to all secure communications when they deem it necessary.

 

Many technology experts have come out strongly against this plan. Leaving aside the potential civil liberties implications of giving the lawless maniacs in political control such power, there’s the notion that if you create access for one group of entitled people, you weaken overall security. Not to mention the fact that if the U.S. claims the right to such privileged access, all other countries will demand the same in return, thus undermining global privacy rights and technology safeguards.

 

We are already seeing this play out in embarrassing fashion. Once again highlighting American hypocrisy and shortsightedness, as well as demonstrating that the U.S. government does’t actually stand for anything, other than the notion that “might means right.” Sad.

And today's decision by Tim Cook not to comply with the government's latest demands confirms what Edward Snowden noted on Twitter:

 

Krieger adds that Tim Cook deserves tremendous credit for the courage to come out and so aggressively and publicly denounce what the FBI is trying to do.  

If he hadn’t decided to publicly challenge the court order and write a detailed treatise on precisely why, the American citizenry would be left completely in the dark. This would be an unethical and unacceptable position.

 

Second, this case could very well be headed up to higher courts. The greatest risk in these sorts of cases revolves around judicial ignorance when it comes to technology issues. The government knows all too well that most judges are clueless when it comes to tech, and that all they have to do is scaremonger with the word “terrorism” and judges will almost always default to the government position. Cook’s very public stance will at least shine some light on the issue and hopefully fuel robust, intelligent public debate which could inform judges ahead of being presented with technology related cases they don’t really understand.

Which is perhaps why Congress is escalating the situation, as The Wall Street Journal reports,

Senate Intelligence Committee Chairman Richard Burr (R., N.C.) is working on a proposal that would create criminal penalties for companies that don’t comply with court orders to decipher encrypted communications, four people familiar with the matter said, potentially escalating an issue that is dividing Washington and Silicon Valley.

 

 

Mr. Burr hasn’t finalized plans for how legislation would be designed, and several people familiar with the process said there hasn’t been an agreement among any other lawmakers to pursue criminal penalties. It’s also unclear whether Mr. Burr could marshal bipartisan support on such an issue during an election year that has divided Washington in recent months.

 

The bill could be written in a way that modifies the Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act, a 1994 law that compels telecommunications companies to construct their systems so they can comply with court orders.

 

 

Mr. Burr has spent months pressuring technology companies to work more closely with law enforcement and others to prevent encryption tools from being used to plan and carry out crimes. He warned technology firms that they need to consider changing their “business model” in the wake of the widening use of encrypted communications.

Read that last sentence again!! Since the scale of criminal penalty could be anything – as opposed to the 'cost of doing business' fines associated with the US banking system – this theoretically forces tech companies to comply, no matter what.

The critical question then, once again, as Mike Krieger concludes, is:

Do we really want to sacrifice overall privacy and security in order to get information from one person’s phone?

Or what about the following question posed by cryptography professor Matthew Green:

 

These are enormous questions with tremendous implications. I just hope we as a society choose wisely.


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