What “Coordinated Recovery”? Global Negative Yielding Debt Hits One Year High Of $7.4 Trillion

Two weeks ago, we were surprised to find that despite the recent “growth promise” of what has been called a coordinated global recovery, the market value of bonds yielding less than 0% had quietly jumped by a quarter in just one month to the highest since October 2016.

Since then, the paradoxical divergence between the reported “strong” state of the “reflating” global economy and the amount of negative yielding debt, has only grown, and as JPM reports as of Friday, Sept. 1, the global market value of government bonds trading with negative yield within the JPM GBI Broad index rose to $7.4 trillion, up 60% from its low of $4.6 trillion at the beginning of the year.

Some more details from JPM:

We calculate the market value by multiplying the dirty price with the amount outstanding for each bond within JPM GBI Broad Index and then convert it to US dollars at today’s exchange rate. The market value of bonds trading with negative yield,including central banks’ purchases, stands at 30% of the total JPM GBI Broad index.

What makes the latest rise in negative yielding debt especially bizarre is that it was mainly driven by Japan, where 10-year government bond yields have fallen significantly over the past month and have turned negative this week for first time since the US presidential election, even as the Bank of Japan has twice in the past month reduced the amount of JGB debt it purchases in the open market in the 5-to-10 year bucket, following on Friday, by a 30BN yen reduction of buying in the 3-to-5 year debt range.

As a result, the total universe of Japanese bonds trading with negative yield within the JPM global government bond index (GBI Broad) now stands at $4.6tr, or 62% of the outstanding amount. The remaining government bonds trading with negative yields worth $2.8 trillion are from Europe, of which more than half are from France and Germany.

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“Self Drive Act” Passes House Committee 54-0: Safety Standards Scrapped, 25,000 Driverless Cars Coming Right Up

Authored by Mike Shedlock via MishTalk.com,

Many contend that self-driving trucks and cars will not happen anytime soon for numerous reasons (most of them easily refuted).

One of the reasons is of lack of approval from Congress.

That argument will go on the ash heap of history by the end of the year because a bipartisan House Panel Approves Legislation Speeding Up Deployment of Self-Driving Cars.

An influential U.S. House committee on Thursday approved a revised bipartisan bill on a 54-0 vote that would speed the deployment of self-driving cars without human controls and bar states from blocking autonomous vehicles.

 

The bill would allow automakers to obtain exemptions to deploy up to 25,000 vehicles without meeting existing auto safety standards in the first year, a cap that would rise to 100,000 vehicles annually over three years.

 

Automakers and technology companies believe chances are good Congress will approve legislation before year end. They have been pushing for regulations making it easier to deploy self-driving technology, while consumer groups have sought more safeguards. Current federal rules bar self-driving cars without human controls on U.S. roads and automakers think proposed state rules in California are too restrictive.

 

The House of Representatives will take up the bill when it reconvenes in September, while senators plan to introduce a separate similar measure.

 

“Our aim was to develop a regulatory structure that allows for industry to safely innovate with significant government oversight,” said Representative Greg Walden, who chairs the House Energy and Commerce Committee.

 

Initially, authors proposed to allow automakers and others to sell up to 100,000 vehicles immediately. Representative Frank Pallone said the phase-in period was essential so “millions of exempted cars will not hit our roads all at once.”

 

Under the House proposal, states could still set rules on registration, licensing, liability, insurance and safety inspections, but could not set self-driving car performance standards.

 

Automakers praised committee passage, while Consumer Watchdog privacy director John Simpson said preempting state laws “leaves us at the mercy of manufacturers as they use our public highways as their private laboratories.”

 

The issue has taken on new urgency since U.S. road deaths rose 7.7 percent in 2015, the highest annual jump since 1966.

 

Automakers say that without changes in regulations, U.S. self-driving car testing could move to Europe and elsewhere.

25,000 Driverless Cars Coming Right Up

This is playing out exactly as I expected. In 2018, there will be 25,000 cars and trucks on the and highways and in cities, driving themselves. I suspect most initial testing will be on highways. If that goes well, there will be 100,000 self-driving cars on the roads by 2019-2020.

Then, once things go well, and I expect them to go well, most of the trucks on the highways will be driverless.

From driver to driverless interstate trucking will take less than a year once final approval is given, no later than 2022, and possibly as soon as 2020.

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Obama’s Inauguration Day Letter To Trump Leaked: “Leave The Instruments Of Democracy Intact”

Eight months after former President Barack Obama’s last day in office, a CNN source has leaked the letter Obama left for his predecessor on Inauguration Day – an American tradition when power passes from one leader to the next. Trump famously acknowledged receiving the letter, but refused to share its contents with the press.

The contents isn’t too exciting, until the fifth paragraph where, nestled among the platitudes and boilerplate, Obama leaves a warning for his successor:  

“Third, we are just temporary occupants of this office. That makes us guardians of those democratic institutions and traditions – like rule of law, separation of powers, equal protection and civil liberties – that our forebears fought and bled for. Regardless of the push and pull of daily politics, it's up to us to leave those instruments of our democracy at least as strong as we found them.”

The warning is perhaps a manifestation of liberal anxieties that the Trump administration will “break” the presidency and forever tarnish its democratic institutions.

Read the full text below:

Dear Mr. President –

 

Congratulations on a remarkable run. Millions have placed their hopes in you, and all of us, regardless of party, should hope for expanded prosperity and security during your tenure.

 

This is a unique office, without a clear blueprint for success, so I don't know that any advice from me will be particularly helpful. Still, let me offer a few reflections from the past 8 years.

 

First, we've both been blessed, in different ways, with great good fortune. Not everyone is so lucky. It's up to us to do everything we can (to) build more ladders of success for every child and family that's willing to work hard.

 

Second, American leadership in this world really is indispensable. It's up to us, through action and example, to sustain the international order that's expanded steadily since the end of the Cold War, and upon which our own wealth and safety depend.

 

Third, we are just temporary occupants of this office. That makes us guardians of those democratic institutions and traditions – like rule of law, separation of powers, equal protection and civil liberties – that our forebears fought and bled for. Regardless of the push and pull of daily politics, it's up to us to leave those instruments of our democracy at least as strong as we found them.

 

And finally, take time, in the rush of events and responsibilities, for friends and family. They'll get you through the inevitable rough patches.

 

Michelle and I wish you and Melania the very best as you embark on this great adventure, and know that we stand ready to help in any ways which we can.

 

Good luck and Godspeed,

 

BO

According to CNN, Obama didn't disclose the content even to his closest aides. Since then, however, Trump has shown the letter to visitors in the Oval Office or his private White House residence. CNN said it obtained its copy from someone Trump showed it to.

Upon reading Obama's letter on Inauguration Day, Trump reportedly attempted to call the former president to express his gratitude… but Obama wasn't available to take the call.

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Cohn “Fed Chair” Odds Plunge In Prediction Markets

Via Global Macro Monitor,

Odds that Gary Cohn will replace Yellen are dropping like a stone on PredictIt.  Putting Cohn behind Warsh and Yellen…

Cohn_2_Chart

If tax reform looks stalled, and we should find out in the next few weeks, is there any reason for Gary Cohn to stick around if he concludes he won’t be appointed Fed Chair?  We wonder.

Especially after his recent comments to the Financial Times,

Gary Cohn, the top White House economic official, said the Trump administration “must do better” in condemning neo-Nazis and white supremacists following the violent protests in Charlottesville this month that sparked one of the biggest controversies of Donald Trump’s presidency.

 

Mr Cohn, a Jewish-American who was president of Goldman Sachs before becoming head of the White House national economic council, told the Financial Times he faced “enormous pressure” to quit after the uproar over Mr Trump’s reaction to the clashes in the Virginia university city that left one woman dead. – FT, August 25

The President has rumored to still be fuming over these comments.

  • …people close to the president said he is simmering with displeasure over what he considers personal disloyalty from National Economic Council Director Gary Cohn, who criticized Trump’s responses to a deadly white supremacist rally in Charlottesville on Aug. 12.
  • The president has been quietly fuming about Cohn for the past week but has resisted dismissing him in part because he has been the face, along with Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin, of the administration’s tax-cut strategy.   – Washington Post, August 31

Cohn has fallen from almost a certainty to replace Yellen to 20 percent in the prediction markets.

Add this to our event risk checklist.

If the stock market begins to fret and tank over growing worries of Cohn’s future,  we’ll,  no doubt, expect a sweet tweet from the president expressing support for Mr. Cohn.

Welcome to the new markets. Is this Kafkaesque , or what?

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Mattis: “We Have Many Options” To Achieve “The Total Annihilation Of North Korea”

With the rest of the world once again seeking a peaceful solution to the escalating North Korean crisis, and having scheduled yet another United Nations Security Council emergency meeting for 10am on Monday to achieve some diplomatic breakthrough…

… US defence secretary Jim Mattis was somewhat less diplomatic moments ago when speaking to reporters in front of the White House, when he warned that “any threat to the US or its territories including Guam or our allies will be met with a massive military response” and said that while the US is “not looking to the total annihilation” of North Korea, it has “many options to do so.”

Mattis also said that President Trump “wanted to be briefed on the many military options available to the US in response to the North Korean provocation”, suggesting that Trump will likely end up picking one.

The full White House statement on the 6th North Korean nuclear test, as delivered by Mattis shortly after 3pm ET, is below:

Any threat to the US or its territories including Guam or our allies will be met with a massive military response, a response both effective and overwhelming. Kim Jong Un should take heed in the United Nations’ Security Council’s unified voice. All members unanimously agreed on the threat North Korea poses and they remain unanimous in their commitment to the denuclearization of the Korean peninsula. We are not looking to the total annihilation of a country, namely North Korea, but as I said we have many options to do so.”

It wasn’t only the US which condemned Kim’s actions: earlier on Sunday China also strongly criticized the nuclear test, slamming Pyongyang for ignoring international condemnation of its atomic weapons programme. North Korea “has ignored the international community’s widespread opposition, again carrying out a nuclear test. China’s government expresses resolute opposition and strong condemnation toward this,” the foreign ministry said in a statement on its website.

“We strongly urge the DPRK (North Korea) to face the strong will of denuclearisation from the international community, earnestly abide by the relevant resolutions of the UN Security Council, stop taking mistaken actions which worsen the situation and are also not in line with its own interests, and effectively return to the track of solving the problem through dialogue,” it added.

Of course, the paradox here is that Beijing is North Korea’s main diplomatic ally and economic supporter and is seen as playing a crucial role in efforts to get Pyongyang to curb its weapons programme. The test came just hours before Chinese President Xi Jinping was scheduled to open a summit of BRICs nations in southern China.

According to AFP, North Korea’s actions create a potentially embarrassing situation for Xi, who is preparing for a politically sensitive gathering of the ruling Communist Party in October, at which he aims to further consolidate his power.

The leader chose not to address the test during his more than 40-minute address to the assembled leaders of Russia, India, South Africa and Brazil. It was the second time this year that North Korea has timed a weapons test to coincide with a major international political gathering in China.

In May Pyongyang fired a ballistic missile as leaders from 29 nations gathered in Beijing for a summit touting China’s new Silk Road project.

It is almost as if Kim Jong Un is begging for deadly retaliation not only from Washington, but Beijing as well. One of these days, he will surely get his wish.

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Russia Urges Washington To “Come To Their Senses” Over Consulate, Denounces “Blunt Act Of Hostility”

Already furious over Washington's "unprecedented aggressive action," at the Russian consulate in San Francisco, Moscow has responded with an official statement calling the "occupation" of diplomatic properties in the US a "blunt act of hostility."

As a reminder, Russian diplomats were denied access to the trade mission building despite it being owned by Russia and protected by diplomatic immunity. 

The ministry called the planned “illegal inspection” of Russian diplomatic housing an “unprecedented aggressive action”, which could be used by the U.S. special services for “anti-Russian provocations” by the way of “planting compromised items”.

Searches of the Russian premises began on Saturday, after the US State Department ordered the foreign ministry on August 31 to vacate the premises by September 2.

The FBI arrived in at least two vehicles to search the San Francisco Consulate. The minute the deadline expired, agents entered the Russian-owned diplomatic property, which in 2016 alone issued more than 16,000 tourist visas to American citizens.

Russian diplomats have posted photo and video evidence of the searches, which they call a “travesty of justice.”

And now, as RT reports,  the ministry said in a statement on Sunday.

We regard the incident as a blunt act of hostility, a gross violation of international law by Washington, including the Vienna Conventions on diplomatic and consular relations,”

 

The ministry called upon the US “to come to their senses and immediately return Russian diplomatic compounds.”

 

“Otherwise, the US will be responsible for the continuing degradation of relations between our countries, which largely affect global stability and international security,” the statement continued.

The Vienna Convention of Diplomatic Relations forms the basis for diplomatic immunity and defines the framework of relation between countries.

It states that the premises of [any] mission “shall be inviolable” and the “agents of the receiving State may not enter them, except with the consent of the head of the mission.”

Moscow pointed out that all seized properties in New York, Washington, and San Francisco have diplomatic immunity. “The US special services supported by armed police are now ‘hosting’ the occupied buildings,” the statement added.

“The US State Department is violating the Vienna Convention; this creates a bad precedent to international diplomacy,” Leonidas Chrysanthopoulos, who served as a Greek ambassador in Canada in 2000-2004, told RT.

“I can’t see the reason why it is happening. The relations between the US and Russia are not bad. Some people in the US are trying to make [these relations] bad.”

Perhaps that was the goal all along?

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Texas Governor: “Harvey Could Cost Up To $180 Billion”

Texas Governor Greg Abbott said on Sunday that it could cost as much as $180 billion to rebuild Texas following Hurricane Harvey, more than four times what most experts expected ($40 billion). If accurate, Harvey would beat out Hurricane Katrina (total: $160 billion) for costliest storm in US history.

“Katrina caused if I recall more than $120 billion but when you look at the number of homes and business affected by this I think this will cost well over $120 billion, probably $150 to $180 billion,” Abbott told Fox News, adding, “this is far larger than Hurricane Sandy.”

Aside from a handful of meteorologists like Dr. Joel N. Myers, founder, president and chairman of AccuWeather, who predicted – apparently with a surprising degree of accuracy – that Harvey-related costs could pile as high as $190 billion, few anticipated the extensive flooding damage the storm would cause in Houston, the fourth-largest city in the US, which contributes some $500 billion to US GDP every year.

Abbott, who offered his assessment of the damages during an appearance on CNN’s “State of the Union,” said the devastation wrought by Harvey could be costlier than Hurricane Katrina and Superstorm Sandy combined.

But whatever the final total, Abbott said he's confident the federal government will authorize the assistance that President Trump promised, adding that the $8 billion that the White House asked for is merely a “down payment.”

Texas is still in “phase one” of the cleanup effort – i.e. first responders are still rescuing people in Beaumont and other parts of Southeastern Texas, where the storm made its second landfall.

“The president has made it clear, Congress is making it clear, this is just a down payment. Let’s not compare this to Sandy let’s compare this to Katrina. The population size is larger and the geographic size is far bigger than Hurricane Katrina and Sandy combined. It’s going to require even more than what was funded for Katrina which was $120 billion dollars…In the overall equation, the cost of this, if I understand it correctly, to rebuild Katrina was over $120 billion and when you consider the magnitude of this storm, when you look at the number of homes that have been mowed down and damaged, this is a huge catastrophe that people are going to have to come to grips with. It’s going to take years for us to overcome this challenge.”

 

"When you look at the number of homes and businesses affected by this, I think this will cost well over $120 billion…probably $150 [billion] to $180 billion."

Worse, according to preliminary estimates, less than 20% of Harris County homeowners are insured against flooding (some estimates have the number as low as 15%). So what will Texas do to aid these homeowners? Abbott said the state had established a fund to help ensure that all homeowners affected by the storm are “taken care of.”

“Waters are receding in Houston, but remember there are so many other parts of the state that are affected such as the Beaumont, where we’re still doing search and rescue missions. We are still in phase one of response. As it comes to the homeowners, we’re working on multiple levels to make sure that these homeowners will be taken care of. Trump has had all his cabinet members in Texas constantly.”

Meanwhile, Houston was still struggling to recover on Sunday, when the city forced the evacuation of thousands of people on the western side of town to accommodate the release of water from a pair of reservoirs that otherwise might sustain damage. The storm stalled over Houston, dumping more than 50 inches (127 cm) on the region in a matter of days. The city cut off power to homes on Sunday morning to encourage evacuations, but conflicting information about who must leave angered some residents.

The area was barricaded and military vehicles were stationed on the periphery to take people out. Some living near the reservoirs were told their homes were in danger of new flooding and would not be allowed to return if they left.

“It’s hard to get the real story. We’re having to make decisions on what we do day by day. Do we stay or go?” said Todd Kellenbenz, who lives in the affected area. 

 

About 37,000 refugees stayed overnight in 270 shelters in Texas plus another 2,000 in seven Louisiana shelters, the highest number reported so far by the American Red Cross. Some 84,700 homes and businesses were without power on Sunday, down from a peak of around 300,000, according to the region’s major electric companies.

Still, Houston Mayor Sylvester Turner said his city was making progress on several fronts, resuming city services and helping get people into housing and out of emergency shelters.

Trump visited Houston on Saturday to meet evacuees and rescue workers, an opportunity to show an empathetic side after some criticized him for staying clear of the disaster zone during a previous visit on Tuesday. Trump had said he did not want to hamper rescue efforts.

Trump and his wife Melania marked a national day of prayer for hurricane victims on Sunday by attending church services at St. John’s Episcopal Church near the White House.

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How To Make The Financial System Radically Safer

Authored by EconomicPrism's MN Gordon via Acting-Man.com,

Preventing the Last Crisis

Clear thinking and discerning rigor when it comes to the twisted state of present economic policy matters brings with it many physical ailments.  A permanent state of disbelief, for instance, manifests in dry eyes and droopy shoulders.  So, too, a curious skepticism produces etched forehead lines and nighttime bruxism.

 

The terrible scourge of bruxism and its potentially terrifying consequences. Curious skepticism can lead to the darnedest things, which is why Big Brother strongly recommends that citizens remain in a medication and cable TV-induced apathetic stupor. To make this happy outcome easier to achieve, stagnation in real wages was successfully introduced a number of moons ago; forced to work to exhaustion just to keep their heads above water, citizens tend to be more docile in their shrinking free time. [PT]

 

Nonetheless, these are small prices to pay for the simple delight that comes when a central planner opens their mouth and inserts their foot.  Last Friday, for example, Fed Chair Janet Yellen gave a speech to her friends and cohorts at the annual central banker’s powwow in Jackson Hole, Wyoming.  There she patted herself and the financial regulatory community on the back for what she believes has been a successful execution of financial regulations:

“The events of the [2008] crisis demanded action, needed reforms were implemented, and these reforms have made the system safer.”

How Yellen knows the reforms have made the system safer is unclear.  Like France’s impenetrable Maginot Line, the regulations Yellen lauds are backward looking.  They are suited to preventing the last crisis while ignoring new and greater threats amassing just beyond the horizon.

 

If mouse traps were designed like our nifty new financial regulations, this is what they would look like. Don’t you feel safer already?  [PT]

 

No doubt, the greatest of these mounting threats are of the Fed’s own making.  After adding $4 trillion to the Fed’s balance sheet and dropping the federal funds rate to near zero for many years they’re now in the early stages of their great endeavor to ‘normalize’ monetary policy.

But, alas, it’s no longer a normal world.  Years of abnormal monetary policy has fabricated an abnormal world.  Surely something will break before things are bent back into place, assuming they ever get there.

 

Dead Wrong

The reforms Yellen was referring to include the Dodd-Frank Act.  The Frank part of the regulation, if you recall, is former Congressman, and overall repulsive being, Barney Frank.  Despite being out of office for over four years, Frank’s grubby finger prints continue to besmirch the economy.

The Dodd-Frank Act, which was rolled out in response to the 2008 financial crisis, has turned out to be a classic case of knee-jerk regulatory overkill.  President Trump has promised relief to certain aspects of the Dodd-Frank Act’s suffocating regulatory regime, including stress test and capital requirements. These requirements force banks to keep more capital on their books as opposed to investing it in interest-earning assets.

 

Das abominable Frank, who lives on in the Act named after him. After aiding and abetting  the very lending practices that brought Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac to their knees, he was somehow held to be the go-to person to work out a new set of regulations for the financial industry. He and Dodd created a telephone book-sized monstrosity of regulatory guidelines, which via implementation of administrative law by the bureaucracy has by now grown into several hundred telephone books of rules. The main effect of this was that the banking industry has become even more concentrated and so-called too-big-to-fail banks have grown even larger. They certainly are not happy with numerous aspects of the new regulations, but on the other hand, they no longer need to fear competition from upstarts, as compliance with this jungle of laws has essentially become unaffordable for institutions below a certain size threshold. [PT]

 

The rules also dictate how banks allocate their assets between highly liquid securities and illiquid loans – with greater preference for the former. Rolling back capital and stress test requirements would directly reduce compliance costs for banks and financial institutions.  It would also give banks greater autonomy in how they manage their lending operations.

But Fed Chair Yellen, a dyed-in-the-wool central planner, has a very narrow focus.  In her world, more control via more regulations always provides for a more stable financial system.  Yet she’s dead wrong.

 

We were unable find more recent data than those depicted in the above chart, so we cannot comment on the current situation, but shortly after the GFC, business closing did begin to exceed the number of new start-ups. Note that this trend has been in place for a long time – and it goes hand in hand with the growth on regulations in the Federal Register. The longest interruption occurred during the Reagan administration, which is not a coincidence: it was the only time in the entire post-war era in which the number of regulations in the Federal Register actually declined. This is of course precisely what one should expect – it is not rocket science. Unfortunately the political and bureaucratic elites are so far removed from the real world in their echo chambers that they apparently don’t understand even the most simple cause-effect chains. We should add, Mr. Bernanke also echoed the false claim that the mortgage credit market – one of the most tightly regulated sectors of the economy –  somehow suffered from “too little regulation”. It should be obvious that his aim was to deflect blame from where it should have been rightfully placed: the loose monetary policy of the Federal Reserve and the system-immanent drawbacks of a fiat money-based fractional reserve banking system that can expand the supply of money and credit willy-nilly. [PT]

 

The new financial reforms that were instituted following the 2008 financial crisis have had the adverse effect of constraining economic growth.  U.S. gross domestic product growth has lagged behind asset price and debt growth.  Moreover, more businesses are vanishing than are being created. Barney Frank’s maze of regulations has made it harder for small businesses and entrepreneurs to access the capital needed to grow and create jobs.

 

How to Make the Financial System Radically Safer

At the same time, the new financial reforms haven’t minimized risk.  Moreover, they’ve set taxpayers – that’s you – up for a future fleecing.  Congressman Robert Pittenger elaborated this fact in a Forbes article last year:

“Even Dodd-Frank’s biggest selling point, that it would end “too big to fail,” has proven false.  Dodd-Frank actually created a new bailout fund for big banks–the Orderly Liquidation Authority–and the Systemically Important Financial Institution designation enshrines “too big to fail” by giving certain major financial institutions priority for future taxpayer-funded bailouts.”

What gives? Regulations, in short, attempt to control something by edict.  However, just because a law has been enacted doesn’t mean the world automatically bends to its will.  In practice, regulations generally do a poor job at attaining their objectives.  Yet, they often do a great job at making a mess of everything else.

Dictating how banks should allocate their loans, as Dodd-Frank does, results in preferential treatment of favored institutions and corporations.  This, in itself, equates to stratified price controls on borrowers.  And as elucidated by Senator Wallace Bennett over a half century ago, price controls are the equivalent of using adhesive tape to control diarrhea.

 

The dangerous conceit of the clueless… the house of cards they have built is anything but “safe” and they most certainly can not “fix anything”. Listening to their speeches that seems to be what they genuinely believe. A rude awakening is an apodictic certainty, but we wonder what or who will be blamed this time. Not enough regulations? The largely absent free market? As they say, “It ain’t what you don’t know that gets you into trouble. It’s what you know for sure that just ain’t so.” (this quote is often erroneously attributed to Mark Twain: we think it doesn’t matter whether he created it, it is often quite apposite and this is a situation that certainly qualifies).  [PT]

 

The point is that planning for future taxpayer-funded bailouts as part of compliance with destructive regulations is asinine.  In this respect, we offer an approach that goes counter to Fed Chair Janet Yellen and the modus operandi of all central planner control freaks.  It’s really simple, and really effective.

The best way to regulate banks, lending institutions, corporate finance and the like, is to turn over regulatory control to the very exacting, and unsympathetic, order of the market.  That is to have little to no regulations and one very specific and uncompromising provision:

There will be absolutely, unconditionally, categorically, no government funded bailouts.

Without question, the financial system will be radically safer.

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Venezuelans Find A New Way To Fight Back

Authored by Rene Chun via The Atlantic,

Hyperinflation has driven thousands to seek out unorthodox currency.

In Venezuela, home to some of the worst hyperinflation since the Weimar Republic, a Big Mac costs about half a month’s wages. Or rather, it did, until a bread shortage forced the burger off the menu. The annual inflation rate is expected to hit 1,600 percent. Life resembles an old newsreel: long lines, empty shelves, cashiers weighing stacks of bills.

To survive, thousands of Venezuelans have taken to minería bitcoin – mining bitcoin, the cryptocurrency. Lend computer processing power to the blockchain (the bitcoin network’s immense, decentralized ledger) and you will be rewarded with bitcoin. To contribute more data-crunching power, and earn more bitcoin, people operate racks of specialized computers known as “miners.” Whether a mining operation is profitable hinges on two main factors: bitcoin’s market value—which has hit record highs this year—and the price of electricity, needed to run the powerful hardware.

Electricity, it so happens, is one thing most Venezuelans can afford: Under the socialist regime of President Nicolás Maduro, power is so heavily subsidized that it is practically free. A person running several bitcoin miners can clear $500 a month. That’s a small fortune in Venezuela today, enough to feed a family of four and purchase vital goods—baby diapers, say, or insulin—online. (Most web retailers don’t ship directly to Venezuela, but some Florida-based delivery services do.)

Under these circumstances, a miner starts to look a lot like an ATM. Professors and college students have mined bitcoin; so, rumor has it, have politicians and police officers. It has become a common currency even among non-miners: Peer-to-peer online exchanges (think Venmo, but with cryptocurrency) allow everyone from shopkeepers to a former Miss Venezuela to buy and sell with bitcoin.

But recently, Maduro has begun cracking down on mining operations, apparently finding in them a convenient political scapegoat—much as he calls those who seek to profit off inflation “capitalist parasites.” Yet trading bitcoin is still condoned. It’s as if Maduro realizes that cryptocurrency is one of the few things holding the country together.

Because Venezuela has no cryptocurrency laws, police have arrested mine operators on spurious charges. Their first target, Joel Padrón, who owns a courier service and started mining to supplement his income, was charged with energy theft and possession of contraband and detained for 14 weeks. Since then, other bitcoin rigs have been seized – and, in many cases, rebooted by corrupt police for personal profit. As a result, Padrón told me, many people have stopped mining. But Rodrigo Souza, the founder of BlinkTrade, which runs SurBitcoin, a Venezuelan bitcoin exchange based in Brooklyn, says that for others, the temptation is still too great to resist. “People haven’t stopped mining,” he told me. “They’ve just gone deeper underground.”

Venezuela’s most resourceful miners, in fact, are moving on to a new inflation-buster: the cryptocurrency ether (ETH). The profit margins are higher and, more important, the risk factor is much lower.

“Mining ETH or bitcoin is pretty much the same principle: using free electricity to generate cash,” one Venezuelan miner told me.

 

“But ETH mining is more affordable – all you need is free software and a PC with a video card. Any police officer is easily fooled into thinking your ETH miner is just a regular computer.

And so, as the presses churn out worthless bolivares, the miners carry on, tapping into the power grid, turning electrons into dollars.

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Mnuchin: Debt-Limit Should Be Tied To Harvey Disaster Funds

After warning earlier this week that the Hurricane Harvey cleanup effort would drain the government’s coffers more quickly than expected – meaning that Congress would need to pass a bill to raise the debt ceiling ASAP – Treasury Secretary Steve Mnuchin in an appearance on Fox News Sunday instead urged lawmakers to combine funding for Harvey relief with the debt-ceiling bill, arguing that appropriating the money would be “useless” unless he had the power to spend it. His remarks followed a formal request from the White House for $8 billion in Harvey relief funding, which Budget Director Mick Mulvaney said should be combined with a debt-ceiling bill.

When asked about the administration’s plans – including Trump’s decision to back off on his demand that $1.6 billion in border – Mnuchin refused to comment beyond saying that he agreed with the president.

  “…the president and I believe that it should be tied to the Harvey funding. Our first priority is to make sure the state gets money, and to do that we need to make sure we can raise the debt limit. If Congress approves money but I can’t pay for it….we need to get that money to the state.”

Mnuchin also called on lawmakers to put politics aside…

“We need to put politics aside we need to make sure that we can get to Texas the amount of money needed to rebuild the state.”

…before reiterating that the government could reach the debt limit before the end of the month.

“Prior to Harvey I said we have enough money to go through end of Sept but with Harvey it’s moved the situation up earlier and without raising the debt limit I am not comfortable that we will get the money that we need this month to Texas to help them rebuild. We need to help the people in Texas. We need to get that done.”

 

“We want to make sure that we get money for that but the president and my first objective right now is for the people of Texas to get the money they need. That’s what we’re focused on this week.”

According to Goldman Sachs, which recently lowered its projected odds of a government shutdown to 15% from 35%, combining hurricane relief with the debt-ceiling raise would dramatically lower the odds of a debt-ceiling fight, effectively giving Trump a “free pass.”

The Goldman analysts elaborate below:

“1. In light of the fast pace of FEMA spending at the moment, Congress looks likely to approve this funding in the next couple of weeks, well ahead of the Sept. 29 debt limit deadline and Sept. 30 appropriations deadline. It is not yet clear if this first installment of hurricane funding will include a debt limit increase or continuing resolution (CR) to keep the federal government open past September 30.

 

2. However, even if the upcoming bill omits both issues,we believe that the need to address hurricane relief has substantially reduced the odds of late-September fiscal showdown, for two reasons. First, there is likely to be less public sympathy for a shutdown than there would have been prior to the hurricane, given the important government role in relief efforts.

 

3. Second, the initial funding request expected later today is likely to be the first of several hurricane-related legislative items considered over coming weeks. Another larger installment of hurricane-related funding is likely to pass, potentially ahead of the fiscal deadlines noted above. In addition, Congress needs to vote to reauthorize the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) by September 30. This was already on the congressional agenda prior to the hurricane, but has become much more important in light of the substantial amount of claims the program is likely to receive from affected areas. If the debt limit increase and CR are not included in the initial hurricane relief package, they are likely to be combined with subsequent hurricane-related items that are likely to enjoy substantial political support.

 

4. In light of this outlook, we believe the probability of a government shutdown has declined further from our prior assessment of 35% and now put it at around 15%.”

* * *

Earlier in the interview, Wallace had asked Mnuchin about Trump’s response to North Korea’s latest nuclear-missile test.

Mnuchin said that he’d spoken with the president, and that – contrary to Trump’s belligerent rhetoric in a series of tweets this morning – the US would instead focus on sanctions, with Mnuchin saying the US can do more to punish its isolated enemy.

“I did speak with the president and it’s clear that this behavior is completely unacceptable. We’ve already started with sanctions against North Korea, but I am going to draft a sanctions package to send to the president for his strong consideration that anybody who is doing business with them can’t be doing business with us.”

“People need to cut off North Korea economically,” Mnuchin said. When asked if sanctions would target more Chinese companies, Mnuchin said the administration is exploring all options, presumably including targeting Chinese companies and entities – “we’re going to consider everything at this point.” The Treasury announced this summer its first-ever unilateral sanctions against Chinese firms accused of supporting the North Korean nuclear program via trade, to the consternation of Chinese leaders.

Asked about reports that the North now has a hydrogen bomb, Mnuchin demurred…

“Chris, I can only say that our intelligence community has been doing an amazing job on this and on other issues but I can’t discuss some of the classified things that you’ve asked me.”

…before repeating the administration’s line that “all options” – presumably including military options – remain on the table.

“The president has made it clear this isn’t just time for talk this is time for action that this type of behavior isn’t acceptable and our objective is to denuclearize the peninsula.”

“China has a lot of trade with them there’s a lot we can do to cut them off economically much more than we’ve done already.”

When questioned about reports that Trump had decided to nullify a trade deal between the US and South Korea, a decision that would strain relations between the two countries at a crucial time, Mnuchin pushed back, claiming that no final decision had been made.

“We want a better economic deal but there’s been no decisions made other than renegotiating that trade agreement at this point.”

Despite Mnuchin’s focus on sanctions, confirmation that the North did indeed successfully test a hydrogen bomb would likely change the dynamics for the US military. Japan, China and South Korea unanimously threatened to punish the North with more sanctions through the UN Security Council after its latest aggression. But after months of Trump’s “fire and fury,” every observer must be asking: where is the red line that Trump said he wouldn’t allow the North to cross? If there is a breaking point, we imagine the North has almost reached it.

…Because if nothing is done, then the bellicose language coming out of Washington will soon be exposed as empty rhetoric. 

via http://ift.tt/2wy2Pyd Tyler Durden