Global Coal Consumption Is Still Soaring…

Global Coal Consumption Is Still Soaring…

Despite efforts to decarbonize the economy, global coal consumption surpassed 164 exajoules for the first time in 2023. The fossil fuel still accounts for 26% of the world’s total energy consumption.

In this graphic, Visual Capitalist’s Bruno Venditti shows global coal consumption by region from 1965 to 2023, based on data from the Energy Institute.

China Leads in Coal Consumption

China is by far the largest consumer of coal, accounting for 56% of the global total, with 91.94 exajoules in 2023.

It is followed by India, with 21.98 exajoules, and the U.S., with 8.20 exajoules. In 2023, India exceeded the combined consumption of Europe and North America for the first time.

Regionally, North America, Europe, and even the Rest of World have seen a decline in coal consumption since the 1990s. The Asia-Pacific region, however, has made up for this demand and more, with consumption soaring since about the year 2000.

Coal Production on the Rise

In order to meet consumption demand, global coal production also reached its highest-ever level in 2023.

Over 8.7 billion tonnes of coal were mined, equal to about 179 exajoules worth, with the Asia-Pacific region accounting for nearly 80% of global output. This activity was concentrated in Australia, China, India, and Indonesia.

China alone was responsible for just over half of total global production.

If you want to learn more about fossil fuel consumption, check out this graphic showing the top 12 countries by fossil fuel consumption in 2023.

Tyler Durden
Mon, 09/23/2024 – 04:15

via ZeroHedge News https://ift.tt/8p604c7 Tyler Durden

Has The EU Suddenly Realized How Much It Has Screwed Itself Over?

Has The EU Suddenly Realized How Much It Has Screwed Itself Over?

Via Kitco News,

“History doesn’t repeat itself, but it often rhymes,” is a popular quote attributed to Mark Twain, and is an important concept to think about with the current state of the world amid ramping geopolitical tensions and deteriorating economic conditions.

Roughly 100 years ago, ‘rhyming’ circumstances were setting the stage for the Great Depression and a Second World War, and if we aren’t careful, there is the potential for the global economy to sink into a deep recession/depression while chatter about the potential for World War 3 is also on the rise.

With major conflicts now including Ukraine v. Russia, the growing threat of Russia v. NATO, Israel v. Palestine, Israel and the U.S. v. Iran, and China threatening Taiwan, among others, while we cannot say that WWIII is underway, it’s not a stretch to say that we are a world at war.

Naturally, the circumstances the world finds itself in are causing consternation for investors, who desperately want to maintain their wealth despite the mounting headwinds they face in doing so, leading many to question if gold, and to a lesser extent, Bitcoin (BTC), could potentially offer protection.

Kitco Crypto reached out to experts on geopolitical and financial matters to get their take on the likelihood of World War III happening in the foreseeable future and what it would mean for gold and Bitcoin.

“There are two forces at work here,” said Martin Armstrong, an economic forecaster and founder of Armstrong Economics.

“First, we have the Neocons who have waged endless wars since the 1960s.”

“Even Robert MacNamara wrote a book and on YouTube you will see his interview before he died explaining they thought Russia was behind Vietnam, but they were wrong; it was just a civil war,” he noted. “You can examine every war and you will find it was based on lies. Tony Blair’s video on YouTube is his Apology for the Iraq War. Again, they were wrong.”

“The Neocons have been relentless in their thirst for endless wars,” Armstrong said. “You have Blinken threatening China over Taiwan when they held 10% of the US debt. That are now net sellers. They only see war – not the economics or the country.”

“Second, virtually every country in Europe is now chanting war with Russia thanks to NATO, also a Neocon organization,” he highlighted. “The monetary system of the West is based on endless deficits spending. The default comes regardless of the debt level. The default in these Ponzi scheme unfolds when they cannot find a buyer for the new debt that enables them to pay off the old.”

“This is what we now face for the first time because Biden/Harris Administration has allowed the Neocons to run foreign policy,” Armstrong said. “Governments now NEED to create WWIII for like WWII, all of Europe defaulted on their debt, Britain went into a moratorium, but defaulted on the loans from the USA.”

He suggested that this is the real reason behind the surge in governments exploring the creation of central bank digital currencies (CBDCs).

“This is the real issue behind pushing for CBDCs to eliminate physical money and then everything is traceable,” Armstrong said. “I have spoken with government on both sides of the Atlantic. They assume moving to digital, they will increase tax collection by 35% and terminate the underground economy.”

“Europe routinely cancels its paper currency to prevent people from hoarding cash,” he noted. “America has never done that, which is why the dollar has been the reserve currency someone in China can hold dollars but not euros. Also, the US is a consumer-based economy, so this is why the dollar has been the reserve currency, for Europe needs to see to Americans, as do Asians.”

As for what the potential for WW3 means for investors, Armstrong said it underscores the need to invest in tangible assets.

“Because they will default on debts in the West and this is universal, the only safe place for capital long-term has been tangible assets,” he said. “Some have called it the Everything Bubble, for they do not understand that this is a divestiture from public assets to private.”

“This has been precious metals, real estate, and shares with tangible assets,” he highlighted. “Precious metals in the form of coins will most likely become the currency of the underground economy. Even if you look at the German Hyperinflation, the replacement currency in 1925 was backed by real estate. Tangible assets survive the collapse of currencies.”

As for the effect a major global conflict would have on financial markets, Armstrong said that governments are prepared for this and will take full advantage of it to ‘solve’ their growing list of economic problems.

“Governments are not stupid. They will seek to impose capital control to prevent capital fleeing,” he said. “This will most likely dominate Europe. Just look at the actions they take during war.”

“Abraham Lincoln closed the gold market before it reached $200 in greenbacks in 1864 and claimed people were making money off the blood of others,” he noted. “During World War I, all of Europe closed the share markets, fearing people would sell and take their money to America. The US share market crash by 10% on anticipation that it too would close, which it did the week of July 27th, and did not reopen until December 7th.  This was again for capital controls fearing Europeans would sell US shares and take the money home, which did not happen.”

“The lesson we must learn historically from wars is that governments will impose capital controls, and this may be when they attempt to switch canceling paper dollars and forcing everyone into CBDCs,” Armstrong warned.

If this were to occur, “Physical gold and silver will be the only form of money to survive under these conditions,” Armstrong said.

As for ‘digital gold’ and the growing cryptocurrency ecosystem, he warned that they “are entirely dependent on the PowerGrid.”

“As you see already in Europe, targeting people for comments is unfolding just as it has been shown that the Biden Administration conspired with social media to censor and create the cancel culture to shut down free speech,” he noted. “Anything that will transact through the internet will be vulnerable to the government assuming the PowerGrid is even functioning during war.”

For these reasons, Armstrong suggested it would be “best that precious metals are in the form of recognizable coins that the uneducated will accept, such as a $20 gold piece or silver coins dated pre-1965.”

When asked if alternative currencies could benefit from a world where certain countries shun the currencies of adversaries, Armstrong stressed that “All currencies are fiat.”

“The real scheme with these CBDCs is that the IMF is planning to replace the dollar and have already quietly created their own digital currency, and because of the sanctions the US imposed on Russia removing them from SWIFT, this is what gave the drive to establish BRICS.”

“It was geopolitical, not fiat-based,” he added. “The US threatened China with the same sanctions if they helped Russia. Countries realized that the American Neocons have used the dollar as a weapon, and that is what divided the world economy.”

As for going back to a gold standard, Armstong noted that the main problem with doing so is that people have become so accustomed to valuing things in fixed fiat terms that they don’t know another way to approach determining the true value of things.

“A gold standard has always failed when it has been fixed to a specific value,” he said. “Bretton Woods collapsed because you fixed gold at $35 per ounce, but you did not limit the amount of dollars created. A three-year-old could figure out such a system would collapse.”

“The only gold standard that has ever survived is when its value freely floated,” Armstrong stressed. “The Byzantine Empire was based purely on gold that floated in value, it too collapsed due to wars and spending that was unrestrained.”

“As Margaret Thatcher once said, socialism works until you run out of other people’s money,” he noted. “The same can be said of government relentless spending to retain power.”

Asked whether the powers that be could use an escalation in war to overshadow a potential economic collapse, Armstrong said, “Wars have been the driving force behind all monetary crises.”

“The value of a currency is always based on confidence,” he explained. “When the Roman Emperor Valerian I was captured in battle in 260 AD by the Persians, despite the fact that coinage was of precious metals, they still carried a premium over the precious metal because, like the dollar today, Rome was the consumer economy that everyone wanted to sell to. India routinely struct imitation Roman gold coins illustrating that there was a premium to the gold when struck by Rome.”

“The Roman Emperor Diocletian attempted to reintroduce silver that had vanished from circulation following the capture of Valerian I 26 years later in 286 AD,” he added. “He raised of the weight of gold coins from a norm of about 70–72 to the Roman pound to one of 60 to the Roman pound. The silver coinage was reintroduced at a rate of 96 to the Roman pound. And he introduced of the so-called follis—a copper coin of about 10 gm.”

“Just as Diocletian revised the monetary system and imposed wage and price controls to tackle inflation, we will see the same unfold,” Armstrong warned. “We will most likely see the US and Europe break apart into separate governments.”|

“Most people are unaware that during the Great Depression, over 200 cities issued their own money and collectors refer to these as Depression Scrip,” he highlighted.

“Currencies will also be fiat to some degree, for even when they were gold, they carried a premium based on their economic status,” Armstrong said. “We blame the currencies rather than governments. This is like a murderer claiming it was the gun that killed the people, not that he pulled the trigger. This is going to result in the fall of Republican forms of government.”

“Hopefully, this next version will be a real democracy where We the People decide do we go to war – yes or no,” he concluded. “The last cycle was the end of Monarchy. This one will be the end of republics, which tend to be the most corrupt in history. There was a major debt crisis in Rome and that is why when Caesar crossed the Rubicon, he did not have to fight his way to Rome, the senate fled, and the people cheered. This will unfold again by 2032 as it is becoming wider understood that governments are corrupt and in trouble worldwide.”

USD is too big to fail

Despite the rising number of smaller regional conflicts, Adam Koprucki, founder of RealWorldInvestor.com, doesn’t see a larger global conflict forming.

“It’s unlikely regional conflicts are going to morph into something larger,” he said. “The current administration has done a good job of stepping in where needed, but also drawing hard boundaries so they don’t risk driving up global tensions.”

That said, he noted that global tensions “always have an impact, the key is to monitor to see if the tensions will get worse, that’s when investors should worry. A major global conflict would likely disrupt supply chains and cause immediate and severe shocks in the financial market.”

As for a potential exodus from the U.S. dollar in favor of gold or Bitcoin, Koprucki said that “Unless there is concern about the stability of the U.S. dollar or severe inflation,” he doesn’t think “investors would immediately flock to gold, but more likely so than Bitcoin – which is still extremely volatile.”

When asked if alternative currencies could benefit from a world where certain countries shun the fiat currencies of adversaries, Koprucki said, “Sure, but those countries who would embrace alternative currencies likely already have an unstable fiat currency, so their adaption may not cause further adaption.”

“I think fiat currencies are generally here to stay,” Koprucki concluded. “A transition to another currency would be unheard of. As long as the U.S. government is backing the dollar, it will remain the preeminent currency. The world is too interconnected and dependent on the US Dollar now.”

Bitcoin in a WWIII scenario

“As global tensions rise, the possibility of regional conflicts escalating into a World War III scenario remains uncertain, but the financial implications are clear,” said Dr. Tonya M. Evans, Esq., an expert in crypto policy and law and full professor of law at Dickinson Law. “Historically, wars weaken fiat currencies, prompting investors to seek safe-haven assets like gold. However, Bitcoin and cryptocurrencies are emerging as new alternatives.”

“Bitcoin’s decentralized nature makes it a valuable hedge against inflation and currency devaluation, especially in regions where traditional banking systems may collapse,” she said. “Unlike fiat currencies, Bitcoin’s supply is capped, which protects it from inflationary pressures exacerbated by conflict.”

Evans suggested, “In a global conflict scenario, Bitcoin (in particular) could serve as both a trusted store of value and an alternative and censorship-resistant means of transferring wealth across borders, particularly for those seeking to avoid sanctions or economic fallout.”

“While gold remains a trusted safe haven, Bitcoin’s portability and accessibility offer a distinct advantage in times of crisis,” she concluded. “In my opinion, Bitcoin and cryptocurrencies provide a unique opportunity for financial resilience, potentially becoming even more crucial as the world navigates increasing geopolitical instability.”

Gold to be the go-to safe haven

To help predict what would happen if a global war were to escalate, Jim Cagnina, market analyst at NinjaTrader, used several recent examples to support his outlook.

“Russia invaded Ukraine on February 24, 2022, and since then, the S&P 500 is up approximately 27.5%. Hamas attacked Israel on October 7, 2023, and since then the S&P 500 is up approximately 29.7%,” he noted. “US-based risk assets anchored around regulated exchanges, on the longer term, are sensitive to domestic fundamental factors such as interest rates and inflation. If anything, geopolitical tensions outside the US tend to prop up US-based assets.”

“On-shoring or near-shoring capabilities of the US are more formidable than in the past,” he added. “A good example is the construction of the new 1,100-acre development of TSMC’s advanced semiconductor manufacturing fabrication facility in Phoenix, Arizona. As things get tense overseas, the US can and will pivot.”

Cagnina said another potential result would be a shakeup in the oil market.

“Regarding Crude Oil, OPEC+ seems to be losing its primacy with respect to setting global oil prices,” he noted. “With a potential increase in production being contemplated by OPEC+, the attitude seems to be ‘if you can’t beat them, join them.’”

As for Bitcoin, Cagnina said, in his opinion, it is “too esoteric and volatile to be considered a flight to quality investment.”

“In my experience, most investors struggle to explain what Bitcoin is and its practical purpose clearly,” he said. “Bitcoin futures average true range based on a 14-day look back is over $3,000 or more than 5% on any given day. I would think that flight to quality assets would not typically subject investors to 5% daily fluctuations, which would defeat the purpose. Furthermore, the supply of Bitcoin is highly inelastic, more so than gold.”

“Gold, on the other hand, can act as a flight to safety instrument,” Cagnina added. “Major industrial countries that can afford it have been adding to their gold reserves, most notably the US, Russia, China, Japan, Singapore, and Brazil. I would argue that this is one of the main reasons for gold’s recent appreciation. This accumulation of reserves will reduce supply for the rest of us resulting in additional appreciation as investors completely buy in.”

As for the U.S. dollar, he said he believes that “the US will maintain its world reserve currency status.”

“The dominance of US foreign aid contributions and that of the European Union helps lock emerging economies’ dependency on the US dollar and EURO concerning transactions for goods and services,” he noted. “Central clearing, strong GDP, and strong contract law will be barriers for alternative currencies becoming dominant.”

“In my opinion, if there is another major global war, it will look and be fought completely differently than in the past,” Cagnina concluded. “The currencies that will do well, I think, will be between alliances that can maintain good contract law during the conflict. Deep pockets certainly will help. Having said that, let’s pray that a World War II level conflict never happens.”

Tyler Durden
Mon, 09/23/2024 – 03:30

via ZeroHedge News https://ift.tt/pxwhMCA Tyler Durden

VW Could Cut Up To 30,000 Employees In Germany

VW Could Cut Up To 30,000 Employees In Germany

The German giant is simply no longer selling enough cars…

German car manufacturer Volkswagen (VW) could cut up to 30,000 jobs of its 300,000 employees in Germany in a restructuring, according to Manager magazine.

As Liz Heflin reports via Remix News, even VW’s 13,000 employees in research and development in Germany will most likely see cuts of 4,000 to 6,000, with investments slashed by up to €20 billion in the medium term, according to the magazine.

Cost-cutting measures were expected and already hinted at earlier this month, but these numbers are more aggressive than anticipated.

So far, VW has not confirmed this 30,000 figure, but fears are growing it will move ahead with drastic cuts shortly.

The news come after reports earlier this month that VW was planning to historic factory closures for the first time in the country’s 87-year history.

The company cited soaring business costs, including energy and labor, along with logistics chains.

At the start of September, the Lower Saxony company’s chief financial officer, Arno Anlitz, had said the company is simply no longer selling enough cars and that two plants could be threatened by cost-cutting measures.

“The market is simply no longer there,” Anlitz had asserted at the beginning of September.

If VW goes ahead with the factory closures and layoffs, it could mark a major blow the ruling far-left government, which is already at a record low in terms of support in the polls.

It would also add to a growing list of companies that are laying off workers and relocating to other countries.

VW has struggled with the transition to electric vehicles, with sales lagging and its key Chinese market dominated by domestic brands.

Read more here…

Tyler Durden
Mon, 09/23/2024 – 02:45

via ZeroHedge News https://ift.tt/ow6URNE Tyler Durden

Lavrov Explained What Russia Hopes To Achieve By Talking About Its Red Lines

Lavrov Explained What Russia Hopes To Achieve By Talking About Its Red Lines

Authored by Andrew Korybko via Substack,

Lavrov gave an insightful interview to Sky News Arabia in which he explained what Russia hopes to achieve by talking about its red lines.

The Mainstream Media (MSM) is convinced that they’re meaningless and that all such ones can be crossed without fear of World War III, while the Alt-Media Community (AMC) interprets all such rhetoric as hinting at a nuclear response in that event.

It turns out that they’re both half-right and half-wrong per what Lavrov revealed about his country’s calculations:

“They (the West) really seem to have a child’s mentality, even though they are adults holding positions of responsibility: ministers, prime ministers, chancellors, presidents, etc.

For several months now, there has been this discourse about Russia only threatening and mentioning some ‘red lines’, which the West keeps crossing and nothing happens.

We talk about the ‘red lines’ in the hope that our assessments and statements will be heard by clever decision-makers.

It is silly to say that we will push the red button, if tomorrow you fail to do as I demand. I am confident that the decision-makers are aware of what we mean in these situations. No one wants a nuclear war.

We said this time and again. Let me assure you that we have weapons whose use will involve grave consequences for the masters of the Ukrainian regime.”

As a reminder, Putin famously described NATO’s expansion into Ukraine as crossing a red line for Russia during his speech on 24 February 2022 announcing the start of Russia’s special operation:

“We cannot stay idle and passively observe these developments. This would be an absolutely irresponsible thing to do for us. Any further expansion of the North Atlantic alliance’s infrastructure or the ongoing efforts to gain a military foothold of the Ukrainian territory are unacceptable for us…It is not only a very real threat to our interests but to the very existence of our state and to its sovereignty. It is the red line which we have spoken about on numerous occasions. They have crossed it.

There should be no doubt for anyone that any potential aggressor will face defeat and ominous consequences should it directly attack our country…No matter who tries to stand in our way or all the more so create threats for our country and our people, they must know that Russia will respond immediately, and the consequences will be such as you have never seen in your entire history. No matter how the events unfold, we are ready. All the necessary decisions in this regard have been taken.”

Before proceeding, here are five background briefings that readers might be interested in reviewing:

* 21 August: “Don’t Expect A Radical Response From Russia To The US’ Involvement In Ukraine’s Invasion Of Kursk

* 15 September: “Russia & The West Are Engaged In Political Choreography Over Ukraine’s Use Of Long-Range Weapons

* 15 September: “What Would Really Be Achieved By Russia Using Nuclear Weapons In Ukraine At This Point?

* 18 September: “Why Won’t Russia Destroy Ukraine’s Bridges Across The Dnieper?

* 18 September: “The ‘War Of Attrition’ Was Improvised & Not Russia’s Plan All Along

Everything will now be analyzed in the context of Lavrov’s explanation about Russia’s red lines.

Starting from the beginning, Putin’s reference to this was in regard to why he authorized the special operation, namely to stop NATO’s continued – albeit at the time clandestine – expansion into Ukraine. He also later explicitly warned against anyone “directly attack[ing] our country”, which NATO has yet to do, though allowing Ukraine to use its long-range weapons to that end would skirt the line. Ukraine has since directly attacked Russia on numerous occasions, however, but no nuclear response followed.

The last part of his abovementioned speech where the Russian leader warned about how “the consequences will be such as you have never seen in your entire history” if they “stand in our way or all the more so create threats for our country and our people” is the most controversial. The way in which he worded everything strongly implied that nuclear weapons would be used if NATO turned the conflict into a proxy war, but he might in hindsight have been alluding to the scenario of a direct NATO attack.

In any case, no such attack has yet to occur, nor has Russia used nuclear weapons despite the conflict indisputably becoming a proxy war of attrition with NATO. This observation coupled with the way in which the Western public initially interpreted his intentions to make them think that Russia isn’t serious about resorting to nuclear weapons in defense of its red lines, thus emboldening “mission creep”. Nevertheless, all the while, NATO has yet to cross the ultimate red line of directly attacking Russia.

It’s relevant at this point to refer back to the insight from Lavrov’s latest interview. As Russia’s top diplomat said, “We talk about the ‘red lines’ in the hope that our assessments and statements will be heard by clever decision-makers. It is silly to say that we will push the red button, if tomorrow you fail to do as I demand.” This places into context what Putin meant with respect to every implied red line apart from the one about a direct NATO attack against Russia.

NATO’s pre-2022 expansion into Ukraine explicitly crossed Russia’s red line as Putin himself described it, but neither that nor the bloc’s decision to turn the conflict into a proxy war of attrition and Ukraine’s direct attacks (including against civilians using NATO arms and intelligence) led to a nuclear response. In retrospect, Putin’s strongly worded statements were intended to deter the last two in order to reduce the chance of these escalations spiraling out of control into World War III, which he wants to avoid.

They still went through with them anyhow, but in a gradual “boiling the frogs” approach that gave Russia time to adapt to the “new normal” without feeling threatened enough to drastically escalate, thus reducing the chances of the aforesaid spiral. While this observation might seem to suggest that the MSM was right about how Russia’s red lines can be crossed without fear of World War III, it’s important to remember that NATO still won’t dare to cross its ultimate red line of directly attacking Russia.

Considering this, the MSM and the AMC were both half-right and half-wrong. The first was right that some red lines can be crossed without triggering a nuclear response exactly as Lavrov just confirmed, but they’re wrong about how there are supposedly no red lines whose crossing would ever provoke this. Likewise, the second is right about how a nuclear response is possible if certain red lines are crossed, but they’re wrong to imply that the crossing of any red lines would automatically lead to that.

The takeaway is that Putin’s famous talk of red lines was primarily meant to deter a direct attack from NATO, with the supplementary objective being to deter the bloc’s indirect involvement in the conflict. The first succeeded while the second didn’t, nor was Ukraine deterred from directly attacking Russia, but red lines are still alluded to in order to convey to the West that certain escalations should be avoided. Such rhetoric should be taken seriously, not downplayed, but it also shouldn’t be exaggerated either.

Tyler Durden
Mon, 09/23/2024 – 02:00

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An American Coup?

An American Coup?

Authored by Thomas Neuberger via Substack,

“The President shall be Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy”

– Constitution of the United States, Article 2, Section 2

I found the following news via a piece at Ian Welsh’s site, and it struck me as important. While I don’t want to overplay what it implies, I don’t want to underplay it either.

An American Coup?

In a 30-minute interview with Judge Napolitano on September 18, Col. Lawrence Wilkerson, former chief of staff to Secretary of State Colin Powell and critic of America’s wars, described a recent event in which Pentagon chief Gen. Lloyd Austin told President Biden that, in Wilkerson’s words, “the Pentagon has taken over, essentially, diplomacy as well as any action, militarily speaking, with regard to both theaters of war,” meaning Ukraine and Israel.

Wilkerson added, “And so they’re now in charge.” Austin, according to this telling, listened “to the people in the bowels of the Pentagon who know the truth” and forced the President to back down.

Biden was furious, we’re told, but “took that advice.” Except, as Wilkerson tells it, it wasn’t advice, but instruction. “No dice,” as Wilkerson characterized the message, sounds pretty final.

This is good news and bad news. The good, U.S. policy is now:

  • To Netanyahu, if you invade Lebanon or attack Iran, you’re on your own.

  • To Zelenskyy, no to long range missiles reaching deep into Russia.

So we and the world are safer, at least for a while.

The bad: Is this a coup? Has the military stood up to the President, forced him to change policy?

If the answers are yes, we’re on our way once more to revising the Constitution-as-practiced. Both political parties have already confirmed that the Fourth Amendment can be ignored. That’s now the “new normal.” So what’s this encroachment of the Pentagon into foreign policy, if not another “new normal”? Has MacArthur finally won?

Whatever the truth, you won’t see this reported in what people call the “news,” but I doubt Wilkerson’s sources are wrong. At any rate, we’ll know soon enough by the way Zelenskyy and Netanyahu act.

Welcome to the future of U.S. foreign policy.

The Wilkerson Exchange in Full

The video at the top contains the full Wilkerson interview, cued to start at the conversation about Austin and Biden. I’ve also printed that exchange below, lightly edited. Emphasis is that of the speaker.

Wilkerson: I think what we’re seeing here is another attempt, because a 100-plane strike didn’t do it, by Netanyahu to provoke Hezbollah to some sort of action that he can then declare is warlike to the extent that he can do what he wants to do with them — even though I’m told with great confidence in the sources that the latest two visits by the Central Command Unified Commander were to tell him [Netanyahu] that we would not be with him in the event of his going to war with Hezbollah that he provoked. Nor will we be with him going to war with Iran that he provoked. And we made it quite clear that we would know if he provoked it.

Napolitano: You’re speaking of General Kurilla [CENTCOM commander since April 2022].

Wilkerson: Yes. Yes.

Napolitano: So Scott Ritter agrees with you, Doug Macgregor says he can’t imagine Austin and Blinkin letting General Kuralla do that. It’s very very interesting. … Is this speculation on your part or is it based on sources?

Wilkerson: It’s based on some pretty reliable sources. And here’s the bigger picture and I hope the others told you this too. Biden’s fury — and you could see it — he was seething when he met with the British Prime Minister.

Napolitano: Yes, yes, we have that clip. He was out of control with anger.

Wilkerson: And what he [had] just been told, apparently, was by the Pentagon, “No dice, Mr President. No dice on Ukraine and no dice on Gaza. We’re in charge now.”

Napolitano: No dice. You’re talking about no dice on the long range missiles reaching deep into Russia, even though Tony Blinkin had intimated all week in Kyiv with his British counterpart that this was happening. And Sir Keir Stormer, the British Prime Minister, had every reason to believe as he’s flying across the Atlantic that Joe Biden’s answer would be yes.

Wilkerson: He was embarrassed. He was embarrassed by the fact — he was pulling out his maps with target data and Biden told him, “Don’t even pull them out. We’re not going to talk about that.”

I’ve been told, again by fairly reliable sources, that Blinkin and Sullivan — Blinkin primarily, but Sullivan too — have been sidetracked, and what’s happened is the Pentagon has taken over, essentially, diplomacy as well as any action, militarily speaking, with regard to both theaters of war.

And so they’re now in charge.

I have to change my evaluation of Secretary Austin if that’s the case, because it means he listened finally to the people in the bowels of the Pentagon who know the truth, and he’s reacting to that, and he’s told the President Biden that, and to Biden’s credit, even though he was furious, he finally took that advice.

Napolitano: Colonel, you once ran the State Department [as Secretary Colin Powell’s chief of staff under George Bush]. How does the Defense Department engage in diplomacy?

Wilkerson: They engage in diplomacy every day. Every day. There are four-stars in the various syncdoms, the regions that they control, the AORs [Areas of Responsibility] [who] are the true U.S. diplomats. And some of them are very good at it. I saw some of them. I worked with some of them who are very good at it, better than any Secretary of State.

But it shouldn’t be that way. That’s a parenthetical remark. We shouldn’t have the military leading diplomacy. But we often do.

And the Japanese prime minister once told me why to my face. He said, “Larry, when your East Asia and Pacific Assistant Secretary comes out here, he’s not got anything but his briefcase. When the man from Honolulu comes out here, from Camp Smith in Hawaii, he’s towing air wings, submarines, battle groups, Marine amphibious groups, Army divisions. I listened to him. This is the Prime Minister of Japan.

Napolitano: Who told General Kurilla to tell Prime Minister Netanyahu, “If you invade Lebanon, you’re on your own?”

Wilkerson: It was, I think, Austin. But that’s the chain of command. Austin conveyed that message to him [Kurilla]. But I think it was Austin that convinced Biden to give him that command so he could transmit it to Kurilla.

Tyler Durden
Sun, 09/22/2024 – 23:20

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When Could Billionaires Become Trillionaires?

When Could Billionaires Become Trillionaires?

Elon Musk could become the world’s first trillionaire by 2027, according to a recent report by Informa Connect Academy.

This graphic, via Visual Capitalist’s Bruno Venditti, shows the projected path for Tesla’s CEO and other billionaires to surpass the trillion-dollar mark.

Methodology

Informa analyzed the net worth data of the 30 wealthiest individuals from 2017 to 2024, as reported by Forbes. It calculated their average annual growth rates and forecasted their wealth over the next 30 years to predict the timing of potential trillionaires.

Musk Faces Competition

With a net worth of $242 billion and an average annual growth rate exceeding 100%, Elon Musk is on track to become the first trillionaire by 2027.

The recent boom of computer chip maker Nvidia could propel its CEO and co-founder, Jensen Huang, to trillionaire status by 2028, according to Informa. Huang’s current net worth is already about $100 billion (higher than listed in the table and graphic, which uses July data), according to Bloomberg’s real-time algorithm.

Indian billionaire Gautam Adani is also projected to become a trillionaire by 2028. He is the chairman of the Adani Group, which has interests in ports, airports, power generation and transmission, and green energy, among others.

Prajogo Pangestu, son of a rubber trader, is set to potentially become a trillionaire by 2028 as well. Pangestu started in the timber business in the late 1970s and now runs Indonesia’s largest integrated petrochemical producer.

The list of future trillionaires also includes familiar names like Meta CEO Mark Zuckerberg, former Microsoft CEO Steve Ballmer, and Nike founder Phil Knight.

French businessman Bernard Arnault is the only European on the list. The billionaire chairman and CEO of the global luxury goods company LVMH oversees dozens of luxury brands, such as Louis Vuitton, Sephora, and Tiffany & Co. He also invests in companies like Netflix and ByteDance, the parent company of TikTok.

To learn more about this topic, check out this graphic that shows the top 12 countries by their rate of millionaire population growth.

Tyler Durden
Sun, 09/22/2024 – 22:45

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Owning A Car Is Less Important To Younger Generations

Owning A Car Is Less Important To Younger Generations

54 percent of Gen Z participants polled for Statista’s Consumer Insights survey in the U.S. between July 2023 and June 2024 claim that owning a car is important to them, compared to 69 percent of baby boomers.

This suggests that the perceived necessity of car ownership is not only influenced by the availability and quality of public transit but also by generation.

Infographic: Owning a Car Is Less Important To Younger Generations | Statista

You will find more infographics at Statista

The survey also shows that the importance of having a car decreased from generation to generation. Two thirds of all respondents in the Gen X bracket, categorized as individuals born between 1965 and 1979, said it was important for them to own a car, while the share for the same group stood at 62 percent for millennials. Overall, 62 percent of the more than 10,000 surveyed U.S. residents thought car ownership was important to them.

One way to decrease reliance on individual car ownership is improving long-distance and regional transit networks, an area in which the federal government has increasingly invested in over the past years. A variety of planned railway expansion initiatives have at least in part been funded with federal money, with some of the upcoming projects detailed by Newsweek in June 2024. These include the Brightline West High-Speed Intercity Passenger Rail System, a joint project by private railway company Brightline and the Nevada Department of Transportation connecting Greater Los Angeles with Las Vegas, and the Hudson Tunnel Project, which aims to improve connectivity between New Jersey and New York.

Following through on larger-scale public transport projects can be difficult in a country focused on motorized personal transportation, even in states with metro areas afflicted by daily traffic jams like Los Angeles. A mega project connecting all major cities in California which, according to media reports, will cost upwards of $150 billion has been in the planning stages since 2008 but has been mired by a variety of problems and delays.

Tyler Durden
Sun, 09/22/2024 – 21:35

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India Reports Record Gold Imports In August

India Reports Record Gold Imports In August

By Mike Maharrey of MoneyMatals.com

India reported record gold imports in August after the country slashed its import duty the month before. India ranks as the world’s second-largest gold consumer behind China.

In July, the Indian government cut taxes on gold and silver imports by more than half, lowering duties from 15 percent to 6 percent. The domestic gold price fell 6 percent month-on-month after the lower duty went into effect, even as the dollar price of gold increased. As expected, the government’s move spurred a big jump in gold demand.

India reported record gold imports in dollar terms, totaling $10 billion in August. It was over a three-fold increase over the previous month. The World Gold Council estimates the country imported 140 tons of gold, tripling July’s total.

So far, in 2024, Indian gold imports are up 30 percent.

After falling sharply after the import duty cut, the gold price in rupees stabilized and largely moved in tandem with the international price. Gold was up 3.9 percent in rupee terms in August.

Despite the August price gains, the domestic gold price remains about 2 percent lower than it was before the reduction in the import duty.

According to the World Gold Council, domestic demand for gold coins, bars, and jewelry surged after the duty cut and has since stabilized. Market reports indicate that buying momentum remains “healthy,” with an overall uptick before the import duty reduction. 

“Purchases previously deferred are now materializing, and there is increased interest in heavier pieces of jewelry. Industry participants anticipate that this momentum will continue, though they are closely monitoring the crucial festive and wedding season sales that run through late August to December.”

Anecdotal evidence suggests that festival buying kicked off on a strong note.

The World Gold Council also reported that rural gold buying has shown improvement in recent months. A favorable monsoon season is expected to increase crop production, and additional income for farmers will likely boost gold demand in the fall months.

Evidencing strong investor interest in gold, Indian ETFs continue to report inflows of metal. According to World Gold Council estimates, India-based funds experienced the highest monthly inflows of gold on record in August.

So far, in 2024, Indian gold ETFs have added about 9.5 tons of gold.

According to the WGC, total assets under management by Indian gold ETFs have increased to INR374 billion (US$4.4 billion), an 8 percent month-on-month rise and a 54 percent year-on-year increase.

The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) continues to add gold to its reserves. Based on the latest figures, the Indian central bank has increased its gold holdings by 50 tons this year.

The RBI has been buying gold since 2017. Over that period, it has increased its gold holding by over 260 tons. 

The Indian central bank now holds a record 853.6 tons of gold. The yellow metal makes up 9 percent of its foreign reserves, up from 7.5 percent a year ago.

An Indian economist told the Times of India that the push to accumulate gold was based on both political and economic factors. He said that the “reliability” of the U.S. dollar has “diminished.” He noted the “noticeable decline” in the confidence in U.S. dollar assets. 

Another economist told the Times, “It makes a lot of sense (to invest in gold), given the increased volatility in the FX market, elevated interest rates in the U.S., and, of course, also as the central banks in each economy would like to diversify the asset classes in which they are parking their reserves.”

Last spring, the RBI transported 100 tons of its gold from the UK back into India

Indians have historically had an affinity for gold. Indian households own an estimated 25,000 tons of gold, and that likely understates the amount given the large black market in the country. Gold is deeply interwoven into the country’s marriage ceremonies and cultural rituals. Indians have long valued the yellow metal as a store of wealth, especially in poorer rural regions. Around two-thirds of India’s gold demand comes from beyond the urban centers, where large numbers of people operate outside the tax system.

Gold isn’t considered a luxury in India. Even poor Indians buy gold. According to a 2018 ICE 360 survey, one in every two households in India had purchased gold within the last five years. Overall, 87 percent of Indian households own some gold. Even households at the lowest income levels in India hold some of the yellow metal. According to the survey, more than 75 percent of families in the bottom 10 percent of income managed to buy some gold.

The yellow metal was a lifeline for Indians buffeted by the economic storm caused by the government’s response to COVID-19. After the Indian government locked down the country, banks tightened credit to mitigate the default risk. Unable to secure traditional loans, Indians used gold to secure financing. As Indians endured a second wave of lockdowns, many Indians resorted to selling gold outright to make ends meet.

Tyler Durden
Sun, 09/22/2024 – 21:00

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Charting 150 Years Of Corn, Wheat, & Soy Yields In America

Charting 150 Years Of Corn, Wheat, & Soy Yields In America

America can grow three-times as much corn from a single acre of land as it can wheat and soy. This is the story of how corn became king in America.

To understand how this happened, Visual Capitalst’s Pallavi Rao visualizes the yields (measured in bushels per acre) for all three crops over the last century.

Data for this graphic is sourced from the National Agricultural Statistics Service, maintained by the U.S. Department of Agriculture.

The Corny American Love Story

In 2023, America produced 500 million metric tons of corn, a figure so astoundingly large, it compares to the weight of 7,000 Great Pyramids of Gaza. And all of that corn was grown on 92 million acres of land—an area bigger than Malaysia.

But America’s colossal corn-producing prowess didn’t always exist, as seen in the yield data from 1866.

Year Corn Yield Wheat Yield Soybean Yield
1866 24.3 11.0 N/A
1867 24.7 12.6 N/A
1868 26.2 12.9 N/A
1869 21.8 13.7 N/A
1870 29.3 12.1 N/A
1871 27.2 12.2 N/A
1872 29.4 11.8 N/A
1873 22.9 12.9 N/A
1874 22.2 13.0 N/A
1875 27.7 11.1 N/A
1876 26.7 10.9 N/A
1877 25.8 14.1 N/A
1878 26.2 13.5 N/A
1879 28.2 13.0 N/A
1880 27.3 13.2 N/A
1881 19.8 11.0 N/A
1882 26.5 15.1 N/A
1883 24.2 12.3 N/A
1884 28.3 14.8 N/A
1885 28.6 11.4 N/A
1886 24.1 14.1 N/A
1887 21.9 13.3 N/A
1888 29.1 12.1 N/A
1889 29.5 14.0 N/A
1890 22.1 12.2 N/A
1891 29.6 16.5 N/A
1892 24.7 14.2 N/A
1893 23.8 12.4 N/A
1894 20.2 13.5 N/A
1895 28.0 13.9 N/A
1896 30.0 12.8 N/A
1897 25.4 14.0 N/A
1898 26.8 15.2 N/A
1899 28.0 12.5 N/A
1900 28.1 12.2 N/A
1901 18.2 15.0 N/A
1902 28.5 14.9 N/A
1903 26.9 13.7 N/A
1904 28.2 12.9 N/A
1905 30.9 15.2 N/A
1906 31.7 16.0 N/A
1907 27.2 14.2 N/A
1908 26.9 14.3 N/A
1909 26.1 15.5 N/A
1910 27.9 13.7 N/A
1911 24.4 12.4 N/A
1912 29.1 15.1 N/A
1913 22.7 14.4 N/A
1914 25.8 16.1 N/A
1915 28.1 16.7 N/A
1916 24.1 11.9 N/A
1917 26.2 13.2 N/A
1918 23.9 14.8 N/A
1919 26.8 12.9 N/A
1920 29.9 13.5 N/A
1921 27.8 12.7 N/A
1922 26.3 13.8 N/A
1923 27.8 13.3 N/A
1924 22.1 16.0 11.0
1925 27.4 12.8 11.7
1926 25.7 14.7 11.2
1927 26.4 14.7 12.2
1928 26.3 15.4 13.6
1929 25.7 13.0 13.3
1930 20.5 14.2 13.0
1931 24.5 16.3 15.1
1932 26.5 13.1 15.1
1933 22.8 11.2 12.9
1934 18.7 12.1 14.9
1935 24.2 12.2 16.8
1936 18.6 12.8 14.3
1937 28.9 13.6 17.9
1938 27.8 13.3 20.4
1939 29.9 14.1 20.9
1940 28.9 15.3 16.2
1941 31.2 16.8 18.2
1942 35.4 19.5 19.0
1943 32.6 16.4 18.3
1944 33.0 17.7 18.8
1945 33.1 17.0 18.0
1946 37.2 17.2 20.5
1947 28.6 18.2 16.3
1948 43.0 17.9 21.3
1949 38.2 14.5 22.3
1950 38.2 16.5 21.7
1951 36.9 16.0 20.8
1952 41.8 18.4 20.7
1953 40.7 17.3 18.2
1954 39.4 18.1 20.0
1955 42.0 19.8 20.1
1956 47.4 20.2 21.8
1957 48.3 21.8 23.2
1958 52.8 27.5 24.2
1959 53.1 21.6 23.5
1960 54.7 26.1 23.5
1961 62.4 23.9 25.1
1962 64.7 25.0 24.2
1963 67.9 25.2 24.4
1964 62.9 25.8 22.8
1965 74.1 26.5 24.5
1966 73.1 26.3 25.4
1967 80.1 25.8 24.5
1968 79.5 28.4 26.7
1969 85.9 30.6 27.4
1970 72.4 31.0 26.7
1971 88.1 33.9 27.5
1972 97.0 32.7 27.8
1973 91.3 31.6 27.8
1974 71.9 27.3 23.7
1975 86.4 30.6 28.9
1976 88.0 30.3 26.1
1977 90.8 30.7 30.6
1978 101.0 31.4 29.4
1979 109.5 34.2 32.1
1980 91.0 33.5 26.5
1981 108.9 34.5 30.1
1982 113.2 35.5 31.5
1983 81.1 39.4 26.2
1984 106.7 38.8 28.1
1985 118.0 37.5 34.1
1986 119.4 34.4 33.3
1987 119.8 37.7 33.9
1988 84.6 34.1 27.0
1989 116.3 32.7 32.3
1990 118.5 39.5 34.1
1991 108.6 34.3 34.2
1992 131.5 39.3 37.6
1993 100.7 38.2 32.6
1994 138.6 37.6 41.4
1995 113.5 35.8 35.3
1996 127.1 36.3 37.6
1997 126.7 39.5 38.9
1998 134.4 43.2 38.9
1999 133.8 42.7 36.6
2000 136.9 42.0 38.1
2001 138.2 40.2 39.6
2002 129.3 35.0 38.0
2003 142.2 44.2 33.9
2004 160.3 43.2 42.2
2005 147.9 42.0 43.1
2006 149.1 38.6 42.9
2007 150.7 40.2 41.7
2008 153.3 44.8 39.7
2009 164.4 44.3 44.0
2010 152.6 46.1 43.5
2011 146.8 43.6 42.0
2012 123.1 46.2 40.0
2013 158.1 47.1 44.0
2014 171.0 43.7 47.5
2015 168.4 43.6 48.0
2016 174.6 52.7 51.9
2017 176.6 46.4 49.3
2018 176.4 47.6 50.6
2019 167.5 51.6 47.4
2020 171.4 49.7 51.0
2021 176.7 44.5 51.7
2022 173.4 46.5 49.6
2023 177.3 48.6 50.6

In fact, for the first half of the 20th century, yields remained range-bound between 20–30 bushels per acre.

Then, there were two miracles. First, the introduction of a drought-resistant variety of the crop (1940s). Then, the introduction of fertilizer, pesticides, and mechanized agriculture (1950s).

Since then, corn yields have climbed at a rate of roughly 1.9 bushel/acre, per year.

Why Are Corn Yields So Much Higher Than Soy and Wheat?

Corn has a high energy density which directly translates into more food per acre. It’s also better at turning sunlight into biomass, meaning it grows faster. Both of these qualities make it the preferred crop to sow.

Compared to soybean (mostly animal feed and export to Asia) and wheat (mostly for humans), it’s also a far more versatile grain.

All of this means it attracts significant investment for varied uses: in animal feed, biofuel production, and the creation of high-fructose corn syrup. This investment helps fund research into the continuous improvement of corn yields.

Despite lower yields compared to corn, the U.S. is still a major wheat producer. Check out Breaking Down Global Wheat Production, by Country, to see where it ranks.

Tyler Durden
Sun, 09/22/2024 – 20:25

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This Is A New World Where The Most Powerful Players Are No Longer The Bankers, But Politicians, Their Deficits And Debts

This Is A New World Where The Most Powerful Players Are No Longer The Bankers, But Politicians, Their Deficits And Debts

By Eric Peters, CIO of One River Asset Management

“Today, unemployment is up to 4.2 percent, inflation’s down to a few tenths above 2. So, we know that it is time to recalibrate our policy to something that is more appropriate given the progress on inflation, and on employment, moving to a more sustainable level, so the balance of risks are now even,” answered Chairman Powell. He had just cut interest rates by 50bps.

“The labor market is actually in solid condition. And our intention with our policy is to keep it there. You can say that about the whole economy. The US economy is in good shape. It’s growing at a solid pace, inflation is coming down, the labor market is in strong pace, we want to keep it there. That’s what we’re doing,” explained Jerome, the financial reporters gently tossing him the usual softballs.

Naturally no one asked him how he felt about initiating an easing cycle with the stock market at all-time highs (see “Powell Vows To Cut Rates With Stocks, Home Prices, Rents And Food At All Time Highs“).

“We’re trying to achieve a situation where we restore price stability without the kind of painful increase in unemployment that has come sometimes with disinflation. That’s what we’re trying to do. And I think you can take today’s action as a sign of our strong commitment to achieve that goal,” explained Powell.

No one asked whether he took into consideration forward-looking inflation indicators like gold, which has soared to a new record. And Bitcoin is up 137% over the past year.

“And this is the beginning of that process I mentioned, the direction of which is toward a sense of neutral, and we’ll move as fast or as slow as we think is appropriate in real-time.”

No one asked him about AI, infrastructure buildout, the coming electricity shortage, the intensifying trade war with China, how the Inflation Reduction Act is impacting policy, or whether he thinks monetary policy is all that important, now that politicians of both parties seem comfortable running deficits that throughout history were only seen during times of war.

Venturing

“Intuitively most, many, many people anyway, would say we’re probably not going back to that era where there were trillions of dollars of sovereign bonds trading at negative rates, long-term bonds trading at negative rates,” said Chairman Powell, answering a question at the press conference. I was reading the transcript somewhere over the Pacific, at 41,000 feet. “And it looked like the neutral rate was, might even be negative, so and it was, people were issuing debt at negative rates,” said Powell, trying to explain something that probably defies definition.

“It seems that’s so far away now, my own sense is that we’re not going back to that,” continued the Fed Chairman. “But honestly, we’re going to find out. But it feels, feels to me, and that the neutral rate is probably significantly higher than it was back then,” he said, wrestling with his emotions, uncharacteristically touchy-feely for the Chairman. But that’s just the sort of thing that happens when highly intelligent people venture into the unknown. They feel their way. “How high is it? I don’t think we know. It’s again, we only know by how it works.”  

Since I couldn’t ask Powell a question, and since the reporters seemed uninterested in pursuing the only line of questioning that seemed interesting, I fed those quotes into ChatGPT4o and asked if the person speaking sounded like he knew what he was talking about?

“The person in this statement does not sound particularly confident or certain. Here’s why: Hesitation and Repetition: The use of phrases like “most, many many people anyway” and “so and it was, people were issuing debt” suggests uncertainty or a lack of clarity in their thought process. Indecisive Phrasing: The speaker uses terms like “might even be,” “probably,” “my own sense,” and “I don’t think we know,” all of which indicate a lack of firm conviction or precise knowledge. Contradiction: The speaker says, “we’re going to find out” and “we only know by how it works,” which implies they don’t have a clear answer and are relying on future outcomes to provide clarity.

I like really smart people who admit they don’t know things, especially when most people expect them to. Those kinds of people are in short supply. So, we’re lucky to have Powell in his seat. But the Fed completely underestimated inflation, got hopelessly behind the curve, then hiked rates in an unprecedented fashion. They thought the natural rate of interest for the world’s largest economy was probably negative, and in a few short years changed their minds and think it’s probably positive. The only bear market left is in the value of an economics PhD.

From 41,000 feet the world looks as it has for thousands of years, and certainly as it did under Greenspan, Bernanke, Yellen. Back then, people believed central bankers knew what they were doing, and they were the most powerful players in markets.

But now, we are coming to terms with a new world, where Powell and his people are feeling their way forward, in an economic environment that barely resembles recent decades. And where the most powerful players are no longer the bankers, but the politicians, their deficits, debts. This is going to be fun. 

Tyler Durden
Sun, 09/22/2024 – 19:50

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