Seattle’s First-in-the-Nation Straw Ban Goes Into Effect. More Will Follow.

Seattle continues to play its role as an incubator of bad policy ideas by imposing the nation’s first ban on plastic straws. First articulated in September of last year, the new ban officially went into effect on Sunday.

The law prohibits all food-service businesses, including restaurants, coffee shops, delis, and pubs, from offering any disposable straw or utensil to patrons unless they specifically request one. Should a customer ask for one, said straw will have to be not just biodegradable but compostable under Seattle’s exacting city-level standards. Violators will be hit with $250 fines.

Seattleites will still probably see plastic straws around town for the next couple months, as plenty of businesses are still scrambling to make the switch to their compostable counterparts.

Caroline Lee of Young Tea, a boba tea shop in downtown Seattle, told Reason last week that she was still in the process of working with her supplier in Taiwan to make a straw that meets the new regulation. Lee says the new straws are six to seven times more expensive and fall apart from exposure to high heats, requiring special packaging when shipped by sea. She is considering having a test batch flown in by air, which will raise costs further.

Lee expressed her hope that the city would give business owners a grace period and even compensate them for the extra costs they are being asked to take on. So far, compensation seems out of the question. But there will, mercifully, be a grace period. Ellen Pepin-Cato of Seattle Public Utilities (SPU)—the agency responsible for enforcing the ban—tells The Seattle Times that the focus for now would be on “continuing outreach and assistance to businesses to help them come into compliance, rather than enforcement.”

As businesses in the Emerald City struggle to comply with the new straw ban, other jurisdictions are passing or seriously considering bans of their own.

Vancouver, Canada, prohibited straws back in May, much to the chagrin of boba tea shop owners, plastics manufacturers, and disability advocates (who take issue with banning a essential utensil for those who have difficulty bringing cup to mouth). Several New York City councilmembers are trying to do the same in their city, introducing legislation in May that would ban straws for everyone who doesn’t need one for medical purposes.

These councilmembers are being spurred on by the Lonely Whale, an environmental group that sees straws as a “gateway plastic” that could spawn more bans of more plastic items. Lonely Whale played a crucial role in Seattle’s ban with its Strawless in Seattle campaign. They’ve since deployed actor Adrian Grenier to make videos and co-sign op-eds demanding that the Big Apple follow Seattle’s lead and ditch single-use straws altogether.

An exhausting number of celebrities and corporations are jumping aboard the craze too. From Tom Brady and Ikea to Calvin Harris and McDonald’s, everyone is telling you to stop sucking and start think about the planet.

They’ll sometimes claim that Americans use 500 million straws a day. Always they’ll argue that ditching straws is an unambiguous good for our oceans filling with plastic. Neither argument is very convincing.

That 500 million straw a day figure—cited by The Washington Post yesterday—has been debunked as the product of a nine-year-old’s research. But even if that stat were accurate, straw bans are unlikely to help the planet much. The U.S. is responsible for a tiny portion of the world’s marine plastic waste (less than 1 percent), as are plastic straws themselves (about .03 percent). The best approach to the problem of oceanic plastic pollution is better waste management systems in the developing world, not bans on plastic products.

It is easy to see a parallel between this movement and the once-popular urge to prohibit or restrict the use of plastic bags. Likewise spurred on by bad stats and feel-good activism, San Francisco became the first major city to ban plastic bags in 2007, with prohibitions later moving on to the usual suspects of Seattle, Los Angeles, Austin, and eventually the entire state of California. But once the easy wins were out of the way and consumers became increasingly irritated at the loss of convenience, a blacklash set in. Ten states have passed preemption ordinances prohibiting municipalities from imposing their own bag bans (among them Minnesota, which overturned a Minneapolis ban). Last week the Texas Supreme Court ruled that Austin’s bag ban was illegal under preexisting state law.

Something similar will likely happen with plastic straws. As the novelty of straw bans wear off and as their costs become more apparent, momentum will slow, and hopefully reverse. That will leave a handful of municipalities clinging to their prohibitions, a few states with straw ban preemption laws, and a lot of consumers and businesses hoping just to be left alone.

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Charlottesville White Nationalist Sues ‘To Bring Civility Back,’ Wins $5 in Damages From Woman Who Cursed Him Out

A white nationalist who helped organize last August’s infamous Unite the Right rally in Charlottesville, Virginia, has won his lawsuit against a woman who cursed him out in public. He sued for $500, but a Charlottesville judge awarded him only $5 in damages.

Jason Kessler claimed that by shouting things like “fuck you” and “fuck you, asshole,” and by calling him a “murderer” and a “crybaby,” Donna Gasapo was inciting violence.

Gasapo allegedly said those things on March 16 outside Charlottesville General District Court, where DeAndre Harris was being tried for assault. Harris, who is African American, was beaten during the August rally, but he was on trial for (and later acquitted of) assaulting a white nationalist.

Kessler had been under fire since one of his protest’s participants, James Alex Fields Jr., killed counterprotester Heather Heyer by hitting her with his car. (Fields now faces federal hate crime charges.) Kessler attended Harris’ trial to cover it for a website, and Gasapo was enraged he would show his face. “Someone in our community was murdered,” she later explained, according to the Charlottesville Daily Progress. “White supremacists stormed into our city. It doesn’t sit well with me.” She essentially admitted to yelling and cursing at him, and indeed, Kessler had video of her remarks, which he posted online.

Gasapo’s attorney, Pam Starsia, argued her client’s speech was protected by the First Amendment, but Kessler, who represented himself, claimed her words could have provoked violence—though not from a bystander. Instead, Kessler argued that Gasapo’s words could have caused him to become violent. “There was a chance that I could respond violently and I don’t want that to happen,” he said in court. Kessler also claimed that by calling him a murderer in public, Gasapo damaged his character.

Kessler, who has not been shy regarding his white nationalist views, claimed in his lawsuit that he was suing Gasapo in order “to bring civility back to our community.”

The Supreme Court ruled in 1943 that that the First Amendment does not protect “fighting words.” And in this case, Judge Robert H. Downer Jr. ruled in favor of Kessler on Friday, saying Gasapo’s words could have incited a violent response from Kessler.

At the same time, he only awarded Kessler $5 in damages. His logic was that not only is Kessler a public figure, but that by posting a video of Gasapo’s remarks online, Kessler showed he wasn’t particularly fearful of his character being damaged.

Kessler’s victory was mainly symbolic, but Starsia finds it disturbing the judge ruled in his favor at all. “I think we should all be very concerned about what this ruling means in terms of opening up other frivolous harassment suits against members of our community who are expressing their opinions and their very real feelings of frustration, which we believe are protected by the First Amendment,” she said after Friday’s hearing, according to the Daily Progress. Gasapo may yet decide to appeal.

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This Stuttering Prankster Just Poked a Big Hole in Trump’s Claim to Secure Communications: Reason Roundup

“Stuttering John” proves president will call back any idiot. “Whether you’re a republican or democrat you should be truly scared by how easily I got through to the President,” says comedian, actor, and podcaster John Melendez. “This is not partisan. It’s just plain scary.”

Last Thursday, Melendez—a Howard Stern and Tonight Show alum also known as “Stuttering John”—got through to the president by pretending to be Sen. Bob Menendez (D–N.J.). “Sen. Menendez” called Trump as he was traveling on Air Force One, and Trump returned the call.

The comedian teased the podcast as the one “where I prank call the President,” followed by:

After a few more attempts to publicize his prank, with scant results—this was the day of the Capital Gazette shooting in Annapolis—Melendez tweeted that he found it “astounding that the news media’s not picking up the fact that I totally duped the President & got in touch within less than 2 hours while he was on Air Force One.” That one finally got some attention.

Melendez was quiet online for a few days, but on Saturday he claimed that Secret Service was at his door. “I guess my old friend Donald wants to continue this,” Melendez tweeted. “Stay tuned.”

He claims he did not answer his door and the agents left (a time period during which Melendez managed to fire off a bad prison rape joke and several other tweets). On Sunday evening, he stated that he was headed to talk to the Secret Service at 10 a.m. Monday and that Michael Avenatti had agreed to be his lawyer.

Whatever happens to Melendez, the incident has already set up a new line of criticism against Trump—led in large part by Melendez himself.

“I flew on Air Force One with President Obama … and their security systems are supposed to be pretty tight,” he told CNN. “There’s a whole protocol for making phone calls and receiving phone calls. I’m shocked this was able to get through, and it really does raise questions about what kind of security filter do we have on Air Force One, presumably the most secure set of communications in the world?”

“It’s a very chilling thing to contemplate,” Rep. Gerry Connolly (D-Virginia) told Wolf Blitzer on CNN. A White House spokesperson told the news agency:

The President wants to be accessible to members and likes engaging them and wants them to have the opportunity to connect. The downside of that is sometimes the channels are open too widely and mistakes like this happen.

During the fake phone call with “Sen. Menendez,” Trump congratulated him on his recent acquittal for corruption. “You went through a tough, tough situation, and I don’t think a very fair situation,” said Trump. The pair discussed border security and Supreme Court picks as well.

Meanwhile, Melendez’s new lawyer had this to say about the situation:

FREE MINDS

First FOSTA challenge in the works. The Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) is suing to invalidate the Allow States and Victims to Fight Online Sex Trafficking Act of 2017 (“FOSTA”), the recently-enacted law making prostitution ads a federal crime.

“The law was written so poorly that it actually criminalizes a substantial amount of protected speech and, according to experts, actually hinders efforts to prosecute sex traffickers and aid victims,” says the organization, which is joining forces with the Internet Archive, “two human rights organizations, an individual advocate for sex workers, [and] a certified non-sexual massage therapist,” EFF notes.

Although the law was passed by Congress for the worthy purpose of fighting sex trafficking, its broad language makes criminals of those who advocate for and provide resources to adult, consensual sex workers and actually hinders efforts to prosecute sex traffickers and aid victims. EFF strongly opposed FOSTA throughout the legislative process. During the months-long Congressional debate on the law we expressed our concern that the law violated free speech rights and would do heavy damage to online freedoms. The law that was ultimately passed by Congress and signed into law by President Trump was actually the most egregiously bad of those Congress had been considering.

Read more from EFF here—and expect a lot more on this suit here at Reason in the days and weeks to come.

See also: What is “Switter,” and why it matters.

FREE MARKETS

A leaked draft of a bill “ordered by the president himself” was obtained by Axios and “would declare America’s abandonment of fundamental World Trade Organization rules.” More from Axios:

The draft legislation is stunning. The bill essentially provides Trump a license to raise U.S. tariffs at will, without congressional consent and international rules be damned.

[…] The bill, titled the “United States Fair and Reciprocal Tariff Act,” would give Trump unilateral power to ignore the two most basic principles of the WTO and negotiate one-on-one with any country:

  1. The “Most Favored Nation” (MFN) principle that countries can’t set different tariff rates for different countries outside of free trade agreements;
  2. “Bound tariff rates” — the tariff ceilings that each WTO country has already agreed to in previous negotiations.

“It would be the equivalent of walking away from the WTO and our commitments there without us actually notifying our withdrawal,” said a source familiar with the bill

Read more here.

QUICK HITS

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Mexico Just Elected a New President. Is He the Left-Wing Version of Trump?

Mexicans elected a populist president yesterday. Andrés Manuel López Obrador—nicknamed “AMLO”—defeated the country’s two major parties with promises to clean up corruption and to impose greater government control over the economy, to stop what he sees as the fleecing of Mexico’s domestic interests by free trade agreements. He is short on concrete policy proposals and has shown authoritarian tendencies.

Despite all that, López Obrador is unlikely to be a close friend to U.S. President Donald Trump. About the only thing they might agree on is blowing up the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA).

Indeed, López Obrador published a book last year, titled Oye, Trump! (“Listen Up, Trump!”), that reprints a series of speeches he gave to Spanish-speaking communities in the United States after Trump’s 2016 election. He’s been sharply critical of Trump’s hardline stance on immigration, and he has condemned the much-ballyhooed plans for a stronger border wall, promising supporters in a speech last week that Mexico will “never be the piñata of any foreign government.”

But almost everyone has something negative to say about Trump. More worrying are the similarities between López Obrador and Hugo Chavez, who ruled Venezuela from 1999 through 2013 and pushed the once-prosperous nation onto the path of its current socialist nightmare.

López Obrador has called for the nationalization of Mexico’s oil industries (although he has contradicted himself on that claim) and has promised to impose price controls on gasoline. Investment banks such as Citigroup have warned that his election means uncertainty in “monetary, fiscal, and commercial policy.”

“Nobody knows exactly what to expect from an AMLO administration. His proposals are a collection of notions with few details and plenty of contradictions,” write Juan Carlos Hidalgo and Ian Vasquez, two Latin America policy experts at the libertarian Cato Institute.

Beyond concerns over López Obrador’s plan to reshape Mexico’s energy industries, they point to his call for agricultural self-sufficiency. While that message has played well with farmers across Mexico, achieving that goal would likely require tearing up NAFTA and would increase the cost of living for many Mexicans.

“With protectionists at the helm in its two biggest member states, NAFTA could well collapse,” The Economist foreshadows.

We will soon find out. López Obrador, a former mayor of Mexico City who had ran two unsuccessful campaigns for president in 2006 and 2012, won easily on Sunday. Running for a third party that he founded, López Obrador finished more than 10 percentage points ahead of the candidates from Mexico’s two largest parties, the National Action Party and the Institutional Revolutionary Party—that have shared power in Mexico since the country became a full-fledged multi-party democracy in 2000.

It’s not much of a surprise that a populist message would succeed in Mexico. The country is famous for its high levels of political corruption, and it has weak democratic institutions. It’s hard to overstate how badly the current crop of cronies have handled Mexico. Transparency International ranks Mexico 95th out of 167 countries for corruption—23 spots behind El Salvador and 39 spots behind Cuba.

“Overcharges by the country’s telecommunications monopoly are estimated to cost 2 percent of Mexico’s total economic output. That monopoly earns profits almost double those of its U.S. and Canadian counterparts,” David Frum wrote in a 2016 piece for The Atlantic. “Unsurprisingly, the monopoly’s owner, Carlos Slim, ranks among the world’s richest men.”

Elba Esther Gordillo, the “president for life” of Mexico’s national teachers’ union, was busted in 2013 for spending the equivalent of $2.1 million in public funds at a Neiman Marcus store in San Diego, California, and using other union funds on plastic surgery. The wife of Mexico’s outgoing—and deeply unpopular—current president was busted in 2016 for living in a condo owned by a company that contracts with her husband’s government. The reporter who broke that story quickly lost her job.

As elsewhere in America and Europe, Mexico’s turn toward a populist president with half-formed economic ideas is at least partially the fault of previous leaders, who have allowed corruption to take root and have not made a compelling political case for free trade, despite all the good it has done. This isn’t the first time that voters, feeling like they want to burn everything down, have turned to a politician like López Obrador.

“No one can blame Mexicans for being under the impression that they have little to lose by voting for a firebrand populist,” write Hidalgo and Vasquez. “But this is a miscalculation that we have seen in other Latin American nations, and one that has terrible long-term consequences.”

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Black Bodies, Radical Politics, and Rebellious Robots: New at Reason

“Cudjo meetee de people at de gate and tellee dem, ‘You see de rattlesnake in de woods?’ Dey say ‘Yeah.’ I say ‘If you bother wid him, he bite you. If you know de snake killee you why you bother wid him? Same way with my boys, you unnerstand me.'”

With these words, Cudjo Lewis—né Oluale Kossula—explains his child-rearing philosophy to an upstart anthropologist named Zora Neale Hurston in 1927. Captured by a neighboring tribe as a young adult in Africa, purchased by whites, and smuggled to U.S. soil 50 years after the Atlantic slave trade was outlawed, Lewis was freed just five years later in the wake of the Civil War and went on to have a family, found a town, and grow old in the Jim Crow era, writes Katherine Mangu-Ward in her editor’s note on Hurston’s long lost work Barracoon: The Story of the Last “Black Cargo.”

View this article.

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Brickbat: By the Numbers

BurglarScotland Yard reports just 5.5 percent of burglary reports in the United Kingdom between April 2017 and April 2018 resulted in an arrest. And police made arrests in just 7 percent of robberies reported in that period. In defense of the police, Chief Constable Bill Skelly, a spokesman for the the National Police Chiefs’ Council, says that those numbers include many crimes in which there is “no suspect and little prospect of a criminal justice outcome.”

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When the Supreme Court Blessed the Imperial Presidency: New at Reason

In February 2018, Solicitor General Noel Francisco, an appointee of President Donald Trump, argued in support of Trump’s 2017 executive order banning immigrants from certain largely majority-Muslim countries. The president enjoys “broad authority” to act in this area, the government insisted in its brief to the U.S. Supreme Court, “when he deems it in the Nation’s interest.” Among the legal authorities Francisco cited in support of this argument was a 1936 ruling on presidential power known as United States v. Curtiss-Wright Export Corporation.

The same ruling has come up under both of Trump’s immediate predecessors as well. In 2007, for example, Solicitor General Paul Clement, an appointee of President George W. Bush, cited Curtiss-Wright while urging the U.S. Supreme Court to deny the writ of habeas corpus to enemy combatants held at the U.S naval base at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba. Three years later, Neal Katyal, the acting solicitor general under President Barack Obama, cited it in a brief to the Supreme Court claiming that the “sovereign” power to “expel or exclude aliens” is “largely immune from judicial control.”

It’s safe to assume that when the White House wants a free hand to operate in the name of foreign affairs, Curtiss-Wright will be invoked. In many ways, the ruling and its author are at the heart of the American presidency’s most sweeping claims to unilateral authority, writes Damon Root.

View this article.

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D.C.’s ‘Families Belong Together’ March More About Midterms Than Migrants

It was a day of of mixed emotions and mixed messages at D.C.’s Families Belong Together demonstration, one of several hundred rallies held around the country today to protest the Trump administration’s practice of separating immigrant families detained at the U.S.-Mexico border.

Thousands of demonstrators poured into Lafayette Park, right outside the White House, to chant, sing, and listen to a slate of speakers organized by a coalition of labor groups, civil liberties organizations, and progressive campaign outfits.

Most were clearly shocked and horrified by the separation of families at the border. For some, the issue had a personal resonance. Dina Potter, for example, tells Reason she immigrated to America with her mother from Guatemala when she was just 12 years old.

“I could easily have been one of the DACA kids,” says Potter, who suggests the roots of our current immigration woes can be found in U.S. interventions that have destabilized her home country. “I could easily be one of those folks who just showed up at the border seeking asylum. They come here seeking a safer way of life, and to have their children ripped from their arms is unconscionable.”

Most attendees, however, seemed to think the problems they were protesting began and ended with Trump.

“We need to get this administration out. We need to abolish ICE. We need to go back to the immigration policies we had before,” said Jane Ellis, a recent immigrant from the U.K. who received her citizenship on June 12.

Alongside the official “Keep Family Together” posters and homemade “Abolish ICE” placards were pride flags, pro-choice signs, and a ton of “Trump = Nazi” posters.

Many demonstrators wore March for Our Lives shirts, Fight for $15 tees, and paraphernalia bearing the slogan “Nasty Woman.” Union swag was everywhere, as were Black Lives Matter shirts and signs. Other protestors waved AFL-CIO placards saying “Solidarity Forever!”

A block north of the rally was a man selling political buttons from an “Anti-Trump bandwagon” cart. He said his “Mueller Time” buttons done up in Miller Lite font were selling the best, followed by those bearing a picture of Trump surrounded by bricks with the inscription “Better to Build This Wall.”

Elsewhere, demonstrators’ attitudes were almost festive.

Scores of college-aged attendees showed up carrying both protest signs and iced coffees, chatting happily and snapping group photos. Hundreds of people took a break from listening to speeches about the specter of white nationalism to dance around a fire truck that was shooting its hoses in the air. Naturally, there was a drum circle.

This mix of rage about family separations, standard progressive rallying cries, and pure entertainment was replicated onstage. One speaker, a child of illegal immigrants, spoke of how her community lived in fear of law enforcement every day. Another speaker condemned Trump for pitting workers against each other as he took away their food stamps and dismantled their health care. One Protestant clergywoman spent several minutes accusing the current Supreme Court of racism. Musical acts performed in between speakers. One man led the audience in singing a lullaby.

Few immigration-policy specifics crept into the pronouncements. That the family separations needed to stop was clear. Everything else was a bit of a blur. Almost without fail, the speakers urged the assembled crowd to show up to the polls in November, with repeated, enthusiastic chants of “vote them out! Vote them out!”

Driving turnout in November was clearly a primary goal of the rally organizers. Their website asks attendees to “RSVP” for the rallies by giving their name, email, and zip code (all useful data points to have with a midterm election on the horizon).

At one point a speaker asked attendees to let Congress know how they feel by texting “families” to a number they flashed up on electronic screens. How this would let Congress know much of anything was beyond me, but it’s a great way to harvest phone numbers.

I’m not suggesting the organizers were insincere. Everyone who spoke with Reason expressed a desire for more open, liberal immigration policies. But the consensus seemed that this could be achieved solely by booting Republicans out of office.

There was almost no recognition of the role the Obama administration played in building the border-enforcement apparatus or in deporting record numbers of immigrants, nor any disappointment or irritation for Democrats who failed to prioritize immigration reform when they controlled Congress and the White House.

This inability to hold their own side accountable will no doubt leave many of today’s demonstrators disappointed when and if power changes hands again.

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Last Call! Apply Now for Reason’s Fall Journalism Internship

The Burton C. Gray Memorial Internship program runs year-round in the Washington, D.C. office. Interns work for 12 weeks and receive a $7,200 stipend.

The job includes reporting and writing as well as helping with research, proofreading, and other tasks. Previous interns have gone on to work at such places as The Wall Street Journal, Forbes, ABC News, and Reason itself.

To apply, send your résumé, up to five writing samples (preferably published clips), and a cover letter by July 1 to intern@reason.com. Please include “Gray Internship Application” and the season for which you are applying in the subject line.

Paper applications can be sent to:

Gray Internship
Reason
1747 Connecticut Avenue, NW
Washington, DC 20009

Fall internships begin in September. Exact start dates are flexible.

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Is This the Summer of Snitches?

Screenshot via Reddit/R0b815A man wearing a Hawaiian shirt on San Francisco’s Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) went viral earlier this month after calling the cops on a man eating his lunch. A video posted to Reddit shows an angered passenger, who is now referred to as Burrito Bob, confronting another passenger on a BART train for snacking while traveling on the Dublin/Pleasanton line, close to the famed Fruitvale Station. BART currently has rules against eating and drinking; violations carry a fine of $250.

“You can’t wait? A sign says no eating and drinking. You don’t get it? You don’t get it. You must be stupid. I’ve seen people like you on TV,” he tells the passenger.

Bystanders look on and laugh when the man announces that he’s going to contact authorities. Burrito Bob proceeds to use the train’s emergency contact system to ask for an officer, saying: “Please, can you get a policeman on board? We’ve got somebody dining on the first car.” While Burrito Bob waits, surrounding passengers encourage the man to “eat your burrito, bro,” including one drinking from a nearly empty Starbucks cup. Burrito Bob continues to defend his position, saying that the passenger should wait to nourish himself in the appropriate venue.

Burrito Bob now joins a growing list of alliterative offenders who have attempted to use authorities to enforce petty regulations this summer.

BBQ Becky: In late April, a woman called police on black barbecuers at Lake Merritt in Oakland, California, after claiming that they were not allowed to operate a charcoal grill in the area. When police did not take the call as seriously as she’d hoped, she broke down into tears. Oaklanders threw a cookout called “BBQing While Black” in response.

Permit Patty: In June, a woman called police on a young black girl selling water without a permit. The woman later argued that she did so because the girl’s mother was “screaming for hours.” Some noted the hypocrisy of the call after it was revealed that she was the CEO of a “kind of like ‘don’t ask, don’t tell'” pet weed business.

Pool Patrol Paula: Also in June, a woman threatened to call police after telling a black teen that his friends were “punks” who “didn’t belong” at a community pool in Summerville, South Carolina. In a video, she’s visible striking in the general direction of the teen at least twice. When investigators in the Dorchester County Sheriff’s Office attempted to serve her a warrant for third-degree assault, she picked up some additional charges after fighting back.

Honorable mentions go to a Philadelphia Starbucks employee who in April called police on two black men while they were waiting in the coffee shop for a meeting and Ohio neighbors who called police in June after a 12-year-old cut the grass on their property by mistake—the young man’s business ended up growing as a result.

Even CountryTime lemonade has gotten involved, promising to pay the fines of children who have the police called on them for running unlicensed lemonade stands.

These stories are a part of a phenomenon that Reason‘s Mike Riggs has dubbed the “Nation of Narcs.” Riggs offers a number of solutions to scale back the problem, one of which is reducing the scope of government:

The second project is a political program: to drastically scale back the police powers of every arm of the state. Not just the police police, but the health police and the tax police and the zoning police. All those agencies work in concert. The person who refuses to pare back her garden gets a fine. If she doesn’t pay the fine, she loses her driver’s license. If she drives regardless, because her job or family needs her to, she gets arrested. The police state is a hydra, so let’s treat it like one.

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