How to Make a Pension Crisis Worse: N.J. Officials Want Back in, Without Paying for It

GreedyNew Jersey’s public pension fund is a terrible black hole of debt and unfunded obligations, a familiar story for those who follow various state pension crises. The state is $60 billion short to pay off its pension commitments and it would consume 15 percent of the state’s budget each year until the year 2049 to get it back into balance.

It looks like some New Jersey lawmakers are trying to make the problem even worse and undo at least one attempt to defuse this ticking time bomb.

In 2007, New Jersey shifted elected officials from the state’s pension fund to a defined contribution 401k-style program. This is better for taxpayers than pensions—the state contributes into the fund up front and is not committed to any payments to the official after he or she retires. That post-retirement commitment is what has been causing the pension crises—states and municipalities are obligated to pay out specific amounts that exceed what the funds contain (due to undercontributing or fund underperformance), and taxpayers are expected to make up the difference.

These officials don’t lose the pension commitments they’ve already earned under the former retirement system. They’ll get those payments when they retire. And now they’re saving under a different system.

The state had already wimped out last year and passed another bill allowing officials back into the pension system and to buy back the lost time. Now a new bill introduced in New Jersey by Assemblyman John McKeon (D-Essex) would allow lawmakers who had previously been earning pensions to go back and have their pensions recalculated with their current earnings, position, and time worked without actually re-enrolling into the pension system.

That is to say, when they retire, they’d “earn” pension payments from a time they weren’t actually in the pension system. They’d get their 401k payments. But who would pay for that gap during which they weren’t contributing into the pension fund at all? Who do you think? Spoiler: Not them. Politico notes today:

Despite the improved benefits, the bill would not require the officials to pay any more into their pensions than they already have.

“This is crazy,” said Fred Beaver, who directed the New Jersey Division of Pensions and Benefits from 2002 to 2010. “The whole thing is screwy. It makes no sense. It’s a total gift. Nobody is paying for it.”

Beaver said the bill could have a major impact beyond pensions: increasing an elected official’s years of service in the pension system could also qualify him or her for lifetime retirement benefits from the state.

While New Jersey’s average pension for government employees is $31,000 a year, the state has nearly 3,000 retirees (or their beneficiaries) earning six-figure pensions.

This legislation by McKeon is the exact opposite of what the state needs to be doing. It might not even get passed. But it’s worth taking note of this as an example of how hard it is to reform under-funded pension systems when the people responsible for doing so are more interested in making the problem worse.

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Maybe Snatching Toddlers From Their Asylum-Seeking Parents Is Who We Are: Podcast

||| Chris Kleponis - CNP / MEGA / NewscomToday President Donald Trump published a half-dozen tweets, of varying levels of factuality and inference, in response to his administration’s new policy of separating children from their asylum-seeking parents or guardians at the border. (Sample: “It is the Democrats fault for being weak and ineffective with Boarder Security and Crime. Tell them to start thinking about the people devastated by Crime coming from illegal immigration. Change the laws!”) Meanwhile, Quinnipiac University has released a striking new poll showing that a clear majority of Republicans—55 percent to 35 percent—favor rather than oppose the new policy, compared to a 24/68 percent split among independents, and 7/91 among Democrats, giving the question an overall negative rating of 27/66.

Given Republican sentiment and Trump’s successes running on the issue, as well as Democratic failures and congressional abdication of responsibility, a bracing truth must be confronted: This is who Americans are, right now. At least so argue argue Katherine Mangu-Ward, Peter Suderman, Nick Gillespie, and Matt Welch, on today’s editor-roundtable version of the Reason Podcast. The quartet also take a deep dive into school-admission diversity programs gone wrong, as well as a brief detour into the artistic world of Anthony Bourdain.

Subscribe, rate, and review our podcast at iTunes. Listen at SoundCloud below:

Audio production by Ian Keyser.

Relevant links from the show:

Donald Trump Is Terrible on Immigration, But Congress Is the True Monster,” by Nick Gillespie

Trump’s Policy of Separating Immigrant Families Makes for a Contentious Father’s Day,” by Robby Soave

Mom Brings Coughing 10-Month-Old to the Hospital. Days Later, Cops Take the Baby,” by Lenore Skenazy

Trump’s Dreamer Fix Will Drag the Country Back to 1924,” by Shikha Dalmia

Hot August Fright: The Month Republicans Lost Their Minds Over Immigration,” by Matt Welch

Study: Elite Colleges’ Race-Conscious Admissions Discriminate Against Asian Applicants,” by Robby Soave

Reason.tv: Crazy U’s Andrew Ferguson on How to Get Your Kid into College w/o Going Insane,” by Jim Epstein and Nick Gillespie

Legacies of Injustice: Alumni preferences threaten educational equity–and no one seems to care,” by Shikha Dalmia

Anthony Bourdain, Lover of Food and Enemy to All Tyrants, Has Died,” by Mike Riggs

Don’t miss a single Reason Podcast! (Archive here.)

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Denver Contradicts Itself by Targeting Previously Tolerated Cannabis Tour Buses

Visitors to Denver can legally buy marijuana products from 200 or so state-licensed retailers, but they can legally enjoy their purchases almost nowhere. Now the city seems to be cracking down on one of the few options available to cannabis consumers who don’t have homes in Denver and can’t find pot-friendly lodging. Last week, as part of an undercover investigation, Denver police ticketed riders on buses operated by My 420 Tours and Colorado Cannabis Tours for illegal public consumption of marijuana.

Denverite‘s Andrew Kenney reports that police cited 31 employees and customers on Friday for using marijuana on those outfits’ buses, which take people on tours of pot shops, grow operations, and other sites of interest to cannabis consumers. “Our policy is to enforce the laws that are currently in place,” a Denver Police Department spokesman wrote in an email to Kenney. “Consuming marijuana in public is illegal, and that is why officers cited the people consuming marijuana illegally.”

Consuming marijuana “openly and publicly” is a petty offense under state law, punishable by a maximum fine of $100 and up to 24 hours of community service. Denver interprets that law as prohibiting marijuana use in any business that is “open or accessible to the public,” and it does not tolerate members-only cannabis clubs. Under a local ballot initiative approved by voters in 2016, the city is beginning to experiment with strictly regulated “cannabis consumption establishments,” but so far only one such license has been issued.

Cannabis consumption on a private tour bus would seem to be neither public nor open, and last week’s arrests contradict the tour operators’ understanding of the law as well as official advice about Denver’s restrictions on marijuana use. According to Colorado.gov, “it is illegal for drivers and front-seat passengers to use marijuana in vehicles designed for private, for-hire transportation in Denver,” but “if the private, for-hire transportation operator allows for it, marijuana may be consumed in the rear passenger area.” The city’s own website offers the same guidance. That exception is the basis for the business model adopted by My 420 Tours and Colorado Cannabis Tours as well as competitors such as Loopr and Mile High Limo Tours, which have been operating in Denver without legal trouble for years.

I’ve asked the Denver Police Department about the contradiction and will update this post if and when I receive an answer. The mass citation of cannabis bus riders came less than two weeks after Colorado Gov. John Hickenlooper vetoed a bill that would have let specially licensed marijuana merchants create “tasting rooms” where customers could sample their wares.

Like Hickenlooper, Denver officials misread the phrase “openly and publicly” to mean “openly or publicly,” and they understand public as including any private business that is open to the public. This reading is not only implausible but arguably unconstitutional. Amendment 64, the 2012 ballot initiative that legalized marijuana for recreational use, is now part of the state constitution, and it rules out penalties for marijuana use by adults unless it is “conducted openly and publicly or in a manner that endangers others.”

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Texas GOP Endorses Marijuana Decriminalization

The Republican Party of Texas has officially endorsed decriminalization of marijuana, offering yet more proof of the dizzying speed at which attitudes are changing toward marijuana and marijuana prohibition.

At the state’s GOP biennial party convention in San Antonio last week, assembled delegates lent their overwhelming support to adding four cannabis-related planks to the party platform, including the repeal of criminal penalties for marijuana possession, the expansion of the state’s incredibly limited medical marijuana law, a call for the rescheduling of marijuana at the federal level, and the legalization of industrial hemp production. All measures passed with 80 percent of the vote or more.

“Texas Republicans are no exception to the majority of Americans that want to see marijuana laws reformed,” says Heather Fazio, a spokesperson for Texans for Responsible Marijuana Policy, one of the advocacy groups pushing for the marijuana planks’ inclusion. “Texas is still living under very harsh penalties for even small amounts of marijuana. Delegates took a stand for a more sensible approach to these policies.”

The move comes a few short weeks after President Trump gave a hedged endorsement of a marijuana federalism bill that would allow state-legal marijuana markets to continue without federal interference.

Possessing under four ounces of marijuana is a Class B misdemeanor in Texas, punishable by up to 6 months in jail and a $2,000 fine. Roughly 12 percent of all marijuana arrests—about 60,000 a year—happen in Texas. Some 98 percent of these arrests are for simple possession.

Penalties extend beyond the immediate criminal sanctions, too.

“Criminal penalties for drug possession, even marijuana, come with a lifetime of collateral consequences. That’s hindered access to education, employment, housing, your driver’s license is suspended for 6 months,” says Fazio. “With those of us in Texas supportive of our Second Amendment protected rights, our license to carry in Texas is suspended for five years.”

The Republican Party of Texas’ official position now is that these penalties should be abolished and replaced with civil fines of $100 or less.

The change complements efforts being made on the local level in Texas. In December 2017, the city of Dallas dispensed with arresting people on misdemeanor marijuana charges. Kim Ogg, district attorney for Harris County (which includes the city of Houston) has gone even further. As of March 2017, her office is declining to prosecute most marijuana offenses and instead diverting people into “cognitive decision-making classes.”

That same year, a bipartisan marijuana decriminalization bill was introduced into the Texas House of Representatives. It managed to pass out of committee but never received a vote by the whole chamber.

The legislature also has made some tepid moves toward liberalizing marijuana for medical use, passing a Compassionate Use Act in 2015. The bill allows doctors to recommend low-THC, CBD-rich strains of marijuana for some epilepsy patients.

The 2016 Texas GOP platform endorsed allowing doctors to decide which patients they could recommend for the program, a plank that was retained in this year’s platform.

In what she describes as a “last minute bonus,” convention delegates also approved a rescheduling marijuana from a Schedule One drug—the most restrictive classification—to a Schedule Two drug.

Fazio stresses that while she would prefer descheduling of marijuana, the willingness of party delegates to take on federal laws governing marijuana was encouraging, saying it “sent the right message to Congress.”

Despite these positive gains, support for loosening marijuana laws is not universal in the Lone Star State.

At least one anti-marijuana group was present at this year’s Texas GOP convention, advocating against any inclusion of decriminalization language in the platform. State Lt. Gov. Dan Patrick, for instance, has characterized Harris County’s approach to marijuana enforcement as creating a sanctuary city for drug offenders.

Texas Gov. Greg Abbot has staked out a less-than-courageous wait-and-see approach toward expanding the state’s medical marijuana program, while rehashing canned concerns about its effect as a “gateway drug.”

Nevertheless, the fact that marijuana decriminalization language made it into the platform of the Republican party in one of the most conservative states in the union—right alongside language about protecting gay conversion therapy and cutting all funding to the U.N.—is a surefire sign that rolling back marijuana prohibition is quickly becoming a bipartisan issue.

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Supreme Court Agrees to Hear Significant New Case About Civil Asset Forfeiture and the Bill of Rights

Today the U.S. Supreme Court agreed to hear a significant new case that raises important questions about the Bill of Rights, the 14th Amendment, criminal justice, and civil asset forfeiture.

The case is Timbs v. Indiana. It arose in 2013 when a man named Tyson Timbs was arrested on drug charges and sentenced to one year on home detention and five years on probation. A few months after his arrest, the state of Indiana also moved to seize Timbs’ brand new Land Rover LR2, a vehicle worth around $40,000. A state trial court rejected that civil asset forfeiture effort, however, on the grounds that it would be “grossly disproportionate to the gravity of [Timbs’] offense” and therefore in violation of the Eighth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, which forbids the imposition of “excessive fines.”

The state’s forfeiture effort clearly qualifies as excessive. Timbs’ original crime carried a maximum financial penalty of just $10,000. And as the trial court observed, “a forfeiture of approximately four (4) times the maximum monetary fine is disproportional.” The trial court was right to deem the state’s actions unconstitutional.

But the Indiana Supreme Court took a different view when it decided the case in 2017. “We conclude the Excessive Fines Clause does not bar the State from forfeiting Defendant’s vehicle because the United States Supreme Court has not held that the Clause applies to the States through the Fourteenth Amendment,” that court said.

Timbs, represented by the libertarian lawyers at the Institute for Justice, then asked the U.S. Supreme Court to clarify that the Eighth Amendment’s ban on excessive fines does indeed apply in all 50 states. That is the case that SCOTUS agreed to hear today.

This one should be a no-brainer. Since the late 19th century, the Supreme Court has been applying, or incorporating, the various provisions contained in the Bill of Rights against the states under the Due Process Clause of the 14th Amendment, which forbids state governments from depriving any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law. The Eighth Amendment’s Cruel and Unusual Punishments Clause, for instance, is now a well-settled part of every state death penalty case that is litigated in both state and federal court. The Excessive Fines Clause is entitled to the same judicial respect.

This case also gives the Supreme Court an opportunity to consider the broader injustices that occur in the name of civil asset forfeiture. As Justice Clarence Thomas observed last year, “this system—where police can seize property with limited judicial oversight and retain it for their own use—has led to egregious and well-chronicled abuses.” By ruling in favor of Tyson Timbs, the justices can rein in at least some of this abuse.

The Supreme Court will hear oral arguments in Timbs v. Indiana sometime in its 2018-2019 term.

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Trump’s Bromance with Kim Jung Un: New at Reason

The Atlantic’s Jeffery Golderg reported that senior Trump staffers note that Trump has a coherent foreign policy and it is “We’reTrump Un America, Bitch.” But Reason Foundation Senior Analyst Shikha Dalmia argues that is not right.

Trump’s love fest with Kim Jong Un and his subsequent concessions mean that North Korea nuclear deal is likely to be weaker than the one that Obama signed with Iran, which he derided as “weak” and “terrible” and tore up. It is also likely to be weaker than the nuclear deal that Bill Clinton signed with the Hermit Kingdom.

So why is he doing this? Because he can. “This is Trump, Bitch!”

View this article.

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Fatal Texas SUV Crash a Result of Irresponsible Policing, Not Poor Border Security

When a sheriff says it’s “good police work” that led to a high-speed chase that ended in a catastrophic collision and five deaths, we should be very, very concerned.

That’s what happened on Sunday in Texas when a chase by Border Patrol agents and Dimmit County deputies ended in deadly disaster. According to multiple media reports, Border Patrol agents suspected a trio of vehicles in Carrizo Springs, Texas, were transporting illegal immigrants. They gave chase and managed to get two of the vans to stop. The third kept on going and a Dimmit County deputy picked up the chase. The pursuit reached speeds of 100 miles per hour before the van apparently lost control and crashed near Big Wells:

The van was carrying 14 people. Four people died in the crash. A fifth died later at the hospital. While officials believe many of the people were in the country illegally (the driver, though, is apparently a U.S. citizen) there’s nothing in any of the reporting that suggests officials suspected any of these people were dangerous or engaged in violent activities. It may turn out that they were, but for now all we know is that authorities believed they were illegal immigrants.

If this high-speed chase involved American citizens we’d be asking some really tough questions about why law enforcement officials insisted on such a dangerous pursuit to stop people who, as far as they knew, were not involved in any violent behavior. People may recall that, in that famous case about the Utah nurse who was arrested for refusing to draw a comatose patient, that comatose man was in the hospital because he was struck by a car fleeing police. He later died. The case raised some questions as to whether the police involved were trying to get something on the victim that would protect themselves from criticism or legal liability for the chase.

But because this chase and deadly crash involved immigrants, there’s no discussion about safe policing practices at all. Instead, Sheriff Marion Boyd says this is all about border security, which is the equivalent of blaming a no-knock SWAT raid in which police intended to arrest a low-level marijuana dealer on the inability to stem the flow of synthetic fentanyl into the United States from China.

“I think we need a wall, in my opinion,” Boyd said in an interview after the deadly crash. He says he sees lots of drug and illegal immigrants crossing the border and thinks the problem is a lack of security.

If that wall ends up being built, he’s going to end up being disappointed when it doesn’t stop illegal immigration. Prohibitions have never stopped drug trafficking, so he should know better at this point.

The lack of a border wall or more advanced border security didn’t cause the reckless police decisions that led to this deadly crash any more than an American citizens’s drug habit caused police to shoot his dog during a militarized drug raid. It’s grotesque that the irresponsibility of the police is ignored because of the citizenship of the people they were pursuing.

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Iowa Farmers Could Lose $620 Million From U.S.-China Trade War

From small town Iowa farmers to big shot Wall Street traders, President Donald Trump’s President Donald Trump’s embrace of economic protectionism and trade war brinkmanship is raising the specter of financial losses.

Soybean farmers in the Midwest state stand to lose more than $620 million this year, according to Iowa State University economist Chad Hart, as China targets the crop with tariffs in response to the Trump administration’s announcement last week that it would go ahead with a plan to slap tariffs on $50 billion in Chinese imports.

“Any tariff or tax put in place will have a significant impact, not only to the U.S. soybean market, but to Iowa’s because we’re such a large producer,” Hart told The Des Moines Register for the paper’s front-page story on Saturday. “It will slow down the market.”

Even a minor slow-down adds up quick, because of the sheer size of the American soybean market. Farmers planted more than 89 million acres of soybeans across the United States in 2018, making it the most widely planted crop in the U.S. this year—yes, ahead of even the heavily subsidized corn crop—according to an annual survey by the Department of Agriculture.

If the Chinese market closes, “it could be devastating for local communities across the Midwest,” said Sen. Chuck Grassley (R-Iowa) last month. “It’s also important to remember that when trade barriers go up, alternative sources of goods are found, and new trading relationships develop. A temporary setback could quickly develop into a permanent loss.”

America is the world’s biggest producer of soybeans and the world’s largest exporter of them. In 2015, nearly half of the U.S. soybean crop was exported. Meanwhile, China is the world’s largest importer of soybeans, buying more than $14 billion of American-grown soy last year. China purchases 61 percent of total U.S. soybean exports and more than 30 percent of overall U.S. soybean production, according to the American Soybean Association, a trade group.

Asked about the front-page Register story during an appearance Sunday on NBC’s Meet The Press, White House counsel Kellyanne Conway disagreed with host Chuck Todd’s suggestion that the tariffs could create a “political problem” in the Midwest.

“Many [Midwestern farmers] are very supportive of President Trump because they like his policies when it comes to the tax cuts, the deregulation,” Conway said. “This will play out over time, but he’s tired of the American workers getting screwed.”

The situation in Iowa is a perfect illustration of how trade between nations makes both parties better off, while erecting barriers to trade hurts both sides. The Trump administration is trying to sell their tariff plans as a way to punish China for unfair trade practices, but in reality tariffs are taxes on consumers—that is, American consumers buying Chinese products—and already the tariffs are forcing price increases across several sectors of the economy. If China is being pushed, Americans are getting hit too.

When it comes to soy, the obverse is true. China is hitting American farmers with reciprocal tariffs, which will cut off supplies to Chinese consumers and likely raise prices while creating a crisis for American exporters who will now have to find alternative markets—hence the $620 million projected loss.

Other commodities are being hit too. The Wall Street Journal reported over the weekend that benchmarks for crude oil, gold, copper, aluminum, lead, and cotton all fell at least two percent Friday after the White House announced that it would go ahead with Chinese tariffs and the Chinese government responded with threats of the same.

The commodity markets have enjoyed their best year since 2002, but it appears the tide is shifting amid fears of a devastasting trade war.

“We now have potential for a full-blown trade war,” Bart Melek, head of commodity strategy at TD Securities, told the Journal. “If I was an investor who made money, I may want to cash out here.”

For the farmers who have already planted this year’s crop, unfortunately, cashing out isn’t really an option.

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Do You Have a Right To Repair Your Phone? The Fight Between Big Tech and Consumers: New at Reason

Eric Lundgren, an e-waste entrepreneur who built the first electronic hybrid recycling center in the U.S., will begin a 15-month prison sentence this month after a six-year legal battle with the U.S. Department of Justice.

In 2012, Lundgren plead guilty to conspiracy to traffic in counterfeit goods and criminal copyright infringement for copying and selling CDs for restoring the Windows operating system on broken PCs—CDs that Microsoft gives away for free.

So why did Lundgren’s crime result in a jail sentence? The answer cuts to the heart of a major battle going on in the tech industry today: Companies are trying to preserve aspects of U.S. copyright law that give them enormous power over the products we own. Repair advocates say that in their quest to protect their intellectual property, manufacturers are trampling on our First Amendment rights.

Produced by Paul Detrick & Alexis Garcia. Camera by Detrick, Garcia, & Jim Epstein.

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Donald Trump Is Terrible on Immigration, But Congress Is the True Monster

It’s the “dago guinea wop greaseball” side of me whose stomach turns when reading the stories and seeing the pictures of kids and parents being separated at the U.S. border with Mexico. My mother was born in Connecticut in 1927 to Nicola and Maria Guida, two Italians who originally came to America in the 1910s. They never spoke English and they’re dead, as is my mother, so I can’t exactly check this story out. But one version goes like this: My grandmother had her first child, my uncle John, in the very late ’10s, got homesick, and traveled back to the old country with her infant son. By the time she was ready to return, immigration laws had changed and they were unable to come back for several years (neither she nor my grandfather became U.S. citizens until after World War II, during which my uncle participated in the invasion of Italy of all operations).

It’s not remotely the same situation as the one unfolding today in slow-motion sadness, but both involve laws about borders that keep families apart and both should give us all pause. What minimal amount of humanity does it take to feel the pain of the children involved, or the mothers and fathers? The immigration restrictions of the early 20th century were explicitly racist and nativist in intent (read about Bhagat Singh Thind, an Asian Indian who fought for the U.S. in World War I and, as a “high caste aryan,” tried to get himself classified as white in 1923 and who had contempt for “mongoloids” and blacks; even some of the people fighting racist immigration and citizenship laws were racist).

Today’s situation involving adult illegals entering the country with children takes place in a wildly different context, but the casual brutality of taking kids away from parents while legal niceties are being sorted out is uncomfortably reminiscent of the past. As a Twitter obsessive, I’m well aware of the old “if you don’t want your kids to be locked in sleeping pens in a converted Walmart with a Donald Trump mural, then don’t break the law!” arguments. Save it for someone who doesn’t care, or is uninformed. Donald Trump and his supporters have repeatedly said that they are not just simply following the law, but that it’s a “horrible law” and that Democrats are responsible for it. No part of that is true, as The New York Times (yes, yes, that failing thing) makes clear:

For more than a decade, even as illegal immigration levels fell over all, seasonal spikes in unauthorized border crossings had bedeviled American presidents in both political parties, prompting them to cast about for increasingly aggressive ways to discourage migrants from making the trek.

Yet for George W. Bush and Barack Obama, the idea of crying children torn from their parents’ arms was simply too inhumane — and too politically perilous — to embrace as policy, and Mr. Trump, though he had made an immigration crackdown one of the central issues of his campaign, succumbed to the same reality, publicly dropping the idea after [public discussion in 2017 by former Homeland Security Secretary John Kelly] touched off a swift backlash.

But advocates inside the administration, most prominently Stephen Miller, Mr. Trump’s senior policy adviser, never gave up on the idea. Last month, facing a sharp uptick in illegal border crossings, Mr. Trump ordered a new effort to criminally prosecute anyone who crossed the border unlawfully — with few exceptions for parents traveling with their minor children.

And now Mr. Trump faces the consequences. With thousands of children detained in makeshift shelters, his spokesmen this past week had to deny accusations that the administration was acting like Nazis. Even evangelical supporters like Franklin Graham said its policy was “disgraceful.”

If you can’t trust the Times, then read George Mason University law professor Ilya Somin’s analysis at the Volokh Conspiracy, which states in part:

If enforcing the law really were the main concern of Trump and Sessions, they could easily address the issue by supporting legislation banning family separation at the border, except in cases of child abuse or similar exigency. Congressional Democrats have in fact proposed such a law, the Keep Families Together Act. If Trump were to endorse it, the bill could easily attract enough GOP support to get through Congress quickly, as many Republicans also oppose family separation and worry that the administration’s policy might hurt their in the midterm elections. But Trump refuses to do that, because he instead prefers to use the plight of separated children as leverage to extract concessions from Congress on other immigration issues. He literally wants to hold the children as political hostages in order to push through his agenda of drastically reducing legal immigration, as well as illegal.

Here’s the thing: To the extent that we are talking about this particular situation (which, amazingly to my mind, is not negatively affecting the president’s approval ratings), we are missing a bigger and more important part of immigration policy specifically and political power more generally. The problem is with Congress, and it’s always worth remembering that Donald Trump is not the cause but the effect of the decline in the ability and willingness of Congress to actually do its job in the 21st century. Its main job is to write and pass legislation, especially on major federal issues, but it has mostly abdicated that responsibility for decades now and nowhere is this more true than in the case of immigration reform. This is a fully bipartisan failure, as the Republicans and Democrats have both enjoyed legislative power since 2001, but the only time that they have really pulled off things has been in the wake of real and imagined major catastrophes (The Patriot Act in the wake of the 9/11 attacks, the passage of Sarbanes-Oxley in response to the tech bubble bursting) or ramming things through on starkly partisan lines (Obamacare, last year’s tax bill). The clever libertarian thing to say is that gridlock is good and who wants more laws anyway, right?

In fact, the incompetence and indifference of Congress in hitting its basic marks—such as insisting on declarations of war before invading and bombing foreign countries or passing an actual budget once in a while—is the reason why the House and the Senate combine for a craptacular approval rating of 15.7 percent. By that comparison, the president’s sad! 43.7 percent rating is pretty goddamn great.

From a libertarian point of view, Trump is horrible on immigration. Indeed, the whole cornerstone of his presidential campaign was built on a reality-challenged rant about Mexican migrants being rapists, drug dealers, disease carriers, and worse. That is a problem, but Trump isn’t the reason why our immigration laws are so screwed up.

After George W. Bush was reelected in 2004, he said he had a ton of political capital and he was going to spend it on two big issues: Social Security reform and immigration reform. Neither went anywhere, primarily because of pushback from his own party. Like his father and Ronald Reagan, Bush had always been unapologetically pro-immigration and pro-immigrant. He was a political realist on the topic, though, and went along with increased border enforcement as the cost of doing business. But in 2007, a Democratic-controlled Senate quashed his last, best hope for comprehensive reform. The Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act would have added border fencing and border patrol, but would have also created a pathway to citizenship for some illegals and incorporated the old, first version of a Dream Act. It never got to a vote in the Senate thanks to most Republicans and a sizable chunk of Democrats. Immigration reform got shut down under Obama too, thanks again to both parties’ reluctance to act (at the time, reform proponent Tamar Jacoby of Immigration Works USA blamed “anti-immigrant Republicans [who] have joined with Democrats allied with labor unions, many of which have a history of resisting immigration out of concern that a supply of immigrant workers competing for jobs will drive down wages”). Apart from his parting gift to “dreamers,” Barack Obama was not good on immigration, if not quite as upfront about it as Donald Trump. He and his fellow Democrats—who accomplished nothing on the issue when they had the chance—are mostly comfortable spectating as the GOP follows through on its suicide pact on the issue.

As long as we’re blaming Donald Trump for the rending of families at our Southern border, he’s happy (he’s a narcissist, after all). Democrats are happy (perhaps wrongly, they sense an advantage in the upcoming midterms) and Republicans are mostly happy too (members are pushing bills that would chop legal immigration by 40 percent or more). But as in so many other things, to focus on the president is to let the people most responsible for the current mess off the hook. And that would be Congress.

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