Jason Riley: Thomas Sowell’s Unique Insights on Race, Economics, and Politics

thomassowell1984

Thomas Sowell is one of the most influential economists, syndicated columnists, and social critics of the past half-century, having authored provocative, best-selling books on everything from race relations to childhood development to, most recently, Charter Schools and Their Enemies. His masterworks include Knowledge and Decisions, which uses Friedrich Hayek’s insights about distributed information to explain both how markets work and why intellectuals disdain markets; A Conflict of Visions, which explores the ideological origins of political struggles; and Basic Economics, a best-selling primer now in its fifth edition.

Sowell’s inspiring life—he was born black and poor in North Carolina in 1930 and received his Ph.D. from the University of Chicago at the age of 38—and expansive work are now the subjects of a new documentary, Common Sense in a Senseless World (watch here) and a forthcoming biography titled Maverick.

Nick Gillespie speaks with Jason L. Riley, the author of the film and the biography, about why even at age 90, Sowell is more relevant today than ever. A fellow at The Manhattan Institute and a columnist for The Wall Street Journal, Riley tells me that Sowell’s empirically driven research and his fearless engagement with even the most controversial topics are exactly what our world needs more of.

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‘Normality’ Draws Closer as FDA Panel Recommends Approval of Johnson & Johnson COVID-19 Vaccine

JJvaccine

After a review of clinical trial data, the Food and Drug Administration’s Vaccines and Related Biological Products Advisory Committee recommends that the agency issue an Emergency Use Authorization for drugmaker Johnson & Johnson’s COVID-19 vaccine. That authorization would add a third COVID-19 vaccine to the already approved versions currently distributed by Pfizer/BioNTech and Moderna. If approved, the company says that it can deliver 20 million U.S. doses of its single-shot COVID-19 vaccine by the end of March.

The J&J vaccine uses a disabled cold virus that can enter human cells, but cannot reproduce, to deliver the gene for the coronavirus spike protein. This provokes the immune system to produce antibodies and other cells to fend off infection by the COVID-19 virus. The two earlier approved vaccines deliver messenger RNA (mRNA) for the spike protein encapsulated in tiny fat particles to get muscle cells to churn out viral proteins that then prime the immune system to fight the virus.

The FDA advisory committee reports that the J&J vaccine is 66 percent effective at preventing mild/moderate COVID-19 symptoms and 85 percent effective at preventing severe symptoms. Importantly, the vaccine was 100 percent effective at preventing hospitalizations and deaths from COVID-19 infections.

The J&J vaccine works after only one dose and does not need special refrigeration or other special handling. This contrasts with the FDA’s current two-dose prescription for both the Pfizer/BioNTech and Moderna vaccines injected several weeks apart and their finicky ultra-cold refrigeration requirements.

Pfizer/BioNTech and Moderna have pledged to deliver before the end of March an additional 140 million doses of their vaccines over the 80 million they have already distributed. Together, and adhering to the two-dose regimen, that’s enough to fully vaccinate 110 million Americans. Adding the 20 million single-shot doses of J&J’s vaccine bumps that up to 130 million potentially vaccinated.

Let’s assume that practice makes perfect and that the heretofore slow and bumpy rollout of the vaccination campaign is greatly sped up such that inoculations occur almost as fast as doses can be delivered. What would this extravagant thought experiment imply about how soon the goal of herd immunity might be reached?

In data scientist Youyang Gu’s “path to herd immunity normality” calculations, he projects that it won’t be until June 4, 2021, that the low 60 percent herd immunity threshold of 195 million Americans is reached. Actually, Gu now believes that the goal of herd immunity is a chimera and argues that the likely and reasonable objective is to significantly reduce COVID-19 deaths and hospitalizations so that life can return to normal. That will occur as COVID-19 becomes an endemic background infection with an annual death rate similar to that of seasonal influenza. (On the other hand, researchers are hard at work on universal coronavirus and influenza vaccines that could greatly reduce future misery and deaths from these viruses.)

So by June 4, Gu projects that 63 million Americans would be immune due to prior infections, 37 million would be immune due to both prior infections and vaccination, and 95 million immune solely as a result of vaccination. Overall, Gu projects that 135 million Americans would have been vaccinated by June 4.

So what happens if it happily turns out that something close to 130 million Americans are vaccinated by the beginning of April, instead of by June? Gu currently projects that 96 million Americans will have become immune due to COVID-19 infections by that date. Combining 130 million vaccinated people with 96 million people immune via infection very roughly yields 226 million Americans immune to the virus by April 1. Of course, the vaccination campaign will not go all that smoothly and there is double counting of people who have been both infected and vaccinated, but these crude calculations suggest that herd immunity, or at least, post-pandemic normality is close at hand.

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Remy: Go to Mexico

Remy_Mexico_YT

Confronting a crippling winter storm, calling impeachment witnesses, and administering a life saving vaccine are all important. But sometimes we all need a little “me” time.

Written and performed by Remy; music tracks, background vocals and mastering by Ben Karlstrom; video produced by Meredith Bragg

LYRICS:
When an ice storm comes rolling in
And folks might soon be shivering
You could be in the office governing
Helping out your constituents

Or you could go down to Mexico
Sip a drink on the sunny shores
You sound good at your job on Twitter so
You could go down to Mexico

We’re gathered here for an impeachment
The president’s lacking innocence
So we owe it to all the citizens
To move forward with several witnesses

Next week is recess

Or we could go down to Mexico
Sip a drink on their sunny shores
It’s Valentine’s weekend, don’t you know?
Maybe I’ll spend it down in Mexico

As a pandemic starts to rage
And we make a vaccine hooray!
Let’s show our data to the FDA
We’ll discuss it in a few weeks, okay?

Uh…for real?

There a test for determining
If the people you elect to lead
Are maybe not so great at governing:
Do people prefer this to your currency?

Then maybe go down to Mexico
Sip a drink on their sunny shores
When a nickel is worth less than Doge
Yeah, maybe go down to Mexico…

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‘Normality’ Draws Closer as FDA Panel Recommends Approval of Johnson & Johnson COVID-19 Vaccine

JJvaccine

After a review of clinical trial data, the Food and Drug Administration’s Vaccines and Related Biological Products Advisory Committee recommends that the agency issue an Emergency Use Authorization for drugmaker Johnson & Johnson’s COVID-19 vaccine. That authorization would add a third COVID-19 vaccine to the already approved versions currently distributed by Pfizer/BioNTech and Moderna. If approved, the company says that it can deliver 20 million U.S. doses of its single-shot COVID-19 vaccine by the end of March.

The J&J vaccine uses a disabled cold virus that can enter human cells, but cannot reproduce, to deliver the gene for the coronavirus spike protein. This provokes the immune system to produce antibodies and other cells to fend off infection by the COVID-19 virus. The two earlier approved vaccines deliver messenger RNA (mRNA) for the spike protein encapsulated in tiny fat particles to get muscle cells to churn out viral proteins that then prime the immune system to fight the virus.

The FDA advisory committee reports that the J&J vaccine is 66 percent effective at preventing mild/moderate COVID-19 symptoms and 85 percent effective at preventing severe symptoms. Importantly, the vaccine was 100 percent effective at preventing hospitalizations and deaths from COVID-19 infections.

The J&J vaccine works after only one dose and does not need special refrigeration or other special handling. This contrasts with the FDA’s current two-dose prescription for both the Pfizer/BioNTech and Moderna vaccines injected several weeks apart and their finicky ultra-cold refrigeration requirements.

Pfizer/BioNTech and Moderna have pledged to deliver before the end of March an additional 140 million doses of their vaccines over the 80 million they have already distributed. Together, and adhering to the two-dose regimen, that’s enough to fully vaccinate 110 million Americans. Adding the 20 million single-shot doses of J&J’s vaccine bumps that up to 130 million potentially vaccinated.

Let’s assume that practice makes perfect and that the heretofore slow and bumpy rollout of the vaccination campaign is greatly sped up such that inoculations occur almost as fast as doses can be delivered. What would this extravagant thought experiment imply about how soon the goal of herd immunity might be reached?

In data scientist Youyang Gu’s “path to herd immunity normality” calculations, he projects that it won’t be until June 4, 2021, that the low 60 percent herd immunity threshold of 195 million Americans is reached. Actually, Gu now believes that the goal of herd immunity is a chimera and argues that the likely and reasonable objective is to significantly reduce COVID-19 deaths and hospitalizations so that life can return to normal. That will occur as COVID-19 becomes an endemic background infection with an annual death rate similar to that of seasonal influenza. (On the other hand, researchers are hard at work on universal coronavirus and influenza vaccines that could greatly reduce future misery and deaths from these viruses.)

So by June 4, Gu projects that 63 million Americans would be immune due to prior infections, 37 million would be immune due to both prior infections and vaccination, and 95 million immune solely as a result of vaccination. Overall, Gu projects that 135 million Americans would have been vaccinated by June 4.

So what happens if it happily turns out that something close to 130 million Americans are vaccinated by the beginning of April, instead of by June? Gu currently projects that 96 million Americans will have become immune due to COVID-19 infections by that date. Combining 130 million vaccinated people with 96 million people immune via infection very roughly yields 226 million Americans immune to the virus by April 1. Of course, the vaccination campaign will not go all that smoothly and there is double counting of people who have been both infected and vaccinated, but these crude calculations suggest that herd immunity, or at least, post-pandemic normality is close at hand.

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Remy: Go to Mexico

Remy_Mexico_YT

Confronting a crippling winter storm, calling impeachment witnesses, and administering a life saving vaccine are all important. But sometimes we all need a little “me” time.

Written and performed by Remy; music tracks, background vocals and mastering by Ben Karlstrom; video produced by Meredith Bragg

LYRICS:
When an ice storm comes rolling in
And folks might soon be shivering
You could be in the office governing
Helping out your constituents

Or you could go down to Mexico
Sip a drink on the sunny shores
You sound good at your job on Twitter so
You could go down to Mexico

We’re gathered here for an impeachment
The president’s lacking innocence
So we owe it to all the citizens
To move forward with several witnesses

Next week is recess

Or we could go down to Mexico
Sip a drink on their sunny shores
It’s Valentine’s weekend, don’t you know?
Maybe I’ll spend it down in Mexico

As a pandemic starts to rage
And we make a vaccine hooray!
Let’s show our data to the FDA
We’ll discuss it in a few weeks, okay?

Uh…for real?

There a test for determining
If the people you elect to lead
Are maybe not so great at governing:
Do people prefer this to your currency?

Then maybe go down to Mexico
Sip a drink on their sunny shores
When a nickel is worth less than Doge
Yeah, maybe go down to Mexico…

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via IFTTT

Despite Its Own Warning That ‘Congress Itself Is the Target,’ the Capitol Police Did Not Expect Anything Like Last Month’s Riot

Steven-Sund-Senate-hearing-2-23-21-Newscom

The day before last month’s deadly riot at the U.S. Capitol, an FBI bulletin warned that some of President Donald Trump’s supporters were calling for violence to prevent Joe Biden, then the president-elect, from taking office. The bulletin cited “specific calls for violence” in an online discussion thread.

“Be ready to fight,” the thread said. “Congress needs to hear glass breaking, doors being kicked in, and blood from their BLM and Pantifa slave soldiers being spilled…. Get violent. Stop calling this a march, or rally, or a protest. Go there ready for war. We get our President or we die. NOTHING else will achieve this goal.”

The FBI shared that bulletin, which originated from its office in Norfolk, Virginia, with a joint terrorism task force that included representatives of the Capitol Police and D.C.’s Metropolitan Police Department (MPD). It was also posted on the Law Enforcement Enterprise Portal, which is accessible to law enforcement agencies across the country, and emailed to the MPD and the Capitol Police.

But who reads email anymore? During a joint hearing before two Senate committees yesterday, Acting MPD Chief Robert Contee said he never saw the FBI warning. The email account to which it was sent is not monitored “24 hours a day,” he said, and a message sent to that address would not “generate an immediate response.” He suggested that the FBI should have called him instead: “I would certainly think that something as violent as an insurrection in the Capitol would warrant, you know, a phone call or something.” Former Capitol Police Chief Steven Sund, who resigned after the riot, said he first heard about the FBI bulletin on Monday.

Contee and Sund blamed their inadequate preparation for the violence at the Capitol on a failure of intelligence. Former House Sergeant at Arms Paul Irving and former Senate Sergeant at Arms Michael Stenger—both of whom, like Sund, resigned after their spectacular failure to protect the Capitol and members of Congress—likewise said they had no way of anticipating the riot because the “intelligence community” (including the FBI) failed to inform them of plans for a coordinated attack. Instead, they expected the usual violence between protesters and counterprotesters as thousands of angry Trump followers streamed into Washington to “stop the steal” at the president’s behest.

“If they were finding [evidence] that this was a coordinated attack that had been coordinated among numerous states for some time in advance of this, that’s the information that would have been extremely helpful to us,” Sund said. “That type of information could have given us sufficient advance warning to prep, plan for an attack such as what we saw.”

That defense is complicated not just by the overlooked FBI bulletin but also by a January 3 Capitol Police intelligence report. “Due to the tense political environment following the 2020 election, the threat of disruptive actions or violence cannot be ruled out,” said the 12-page memo, parts of which were obtained by The Washington Post. “Supporters of the current president see January 6, 2021, as the last opportunity to overturn the results of the presidential election. This sense of desperation and disappointment may lead to more of an incentive to become violent. Unlike previous post-election protests, the targets of the pro-Trump supporters are not necessarily the counter-protesters as they were previously, but rather Congress itself is the target on the 6th.”

The memo noted “a worrisome call for protesters to come to these events armed” and “Stop the Steal’s propensity to attract white supremacists, militia members, and others who actively promote violence.” It said “there is the possibility that protesters may be inclined to become violent,” creating “a significantly dangerous situation for law enforcement and the general public alike.”

The Post says that memo “does not appear to have been shared widely with other law enforcement agencies, including the FBI.” Sund, who said he did not know about the FBI’s bulletin until the day before he testified, does not seem to have made much of an effort to keep the FBI apprised of his own agency’s assessment. He told the Post “it would be inappropriate to publicly discuss an internal intelligence memo, given its sensitive nature and the risk of revealing sources and methods.”

In retrospect, these documents were unmistakable harbingers of what actually happened. While it can be difficult to distinguish between macho posturing and concrete plans of violence, the fact that some people who planned to attend the “Save America” rally were arguing that peaceful protest was inadequate to the occasion, combined with the clear warning that “Congress itself is the target,” should have prompted the people charged with protecting the Capitol to reevaluate their expectations.

The Capitol Police intelligence assessment “indicated that the January 6th
protests/rallies were ‘expected to be similar to the previous Million MAGA March rallies in November and December 2020, which drew tens of thousands of participants,'” Sund testified (contradicting White House Press Secretary Kayleigh McEnany’s risible claim that the November rally attracted “more than one MILLION” people). “The assessment indicated that members of the Proud Boys, white supremacist groups, Antifa, and other extremist groups were expected to participate in the January 6th event and that they may be inclined to become violent. This was very similar to the intelligence assessment of the December 12, 2020, MAGA II event.”

Even while noting the possibility of violence, the Capitol Police minimized the danger. According to Sund, its January 4 daily intelligence report “assessed ‘the level of probability of acts of civil disobedience/arrests occurring based on current intelligence information’ as ‘remote’ to ‘improbable’ for all of the groups expected to demonstrate on Wednesday, January 6, 2021. In addition, the daily intelligence report indicated that ‘the Secretary of Homeland Security has not issued an elevated or imminent alert at this time.'”

Passing the buck to the Department of Homeland Security, like Sund et al.’s general indictment of the “intelligence community,” seems to be aimed at diffusing responsibility for a colossal security failure. When everyone screws up, no one really has to shoulder the blame.

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Despite Its Own Warning That ‘Congress Itself Is the Target,’ the Capitol Police Did Not Expect Anything Like Last Month’s Riot

Steven-Sund-Senate-hearing-2-23-21-Newscom

The day before last month’s deadly riot at the U.S. Capitol, an FBI bulletin warned that some of President Donald Trump’s supporters were calling for violence to prevent Joe Biden, then the president-elect, from taking office. The bulletin cited “specific calls for violence” in an online discussion thread.

“Be ready to fight,” the thread said. “Congress needs to hear glass breaking, doors being kicked in, and blood from their BLM and Pantifa slave soldiers being spilled…. Get violent. Stop calling this a march, or rally, or a protest. Go there ready for war. We get our President or we die. NOTHING else will achieve this goal.”

The FBI shared that bulletin, which originated from its office in Norfolk, Virginia, with a joint terrorism task force that included representatives of the Capitol Police and D.C.’s Metropolitan Police Department (MPD). It was also posted on the Law Enforcement Enterprise Portal, which is accessible to law enforcement agencies across the country, and emailed to the MPD and the Capitol Police.

But who reads email anymore? During a joint hearing before two Senate committees yesterday, Acting MPD Chief Robert Contee said he never saw the FBI warning. The email account to which it was sent is not monitored “24 hours a day,” he said, and a message sent to that address would not “generate an immediate response.” He suggested that the FBI should have called him instead: “I would certainly think that something as violent as an insurrection in the Capitol would warrant, you know, a phone call or something.” Former Capitol Police Chief Steven Sund, who resigned after the riot, said he first heard about the FBI bulletin on Monday.

Contee and Sund blamed their inadequate preparation for the violence at the Capitol on a failure of intelligence. Former House Sergeant at Arms Paul Irving and former Senate Sergeant at Arms Michael Stenger—both of whom, like Sund, resigned after their spectacular failure to protect the Capitol and members of Congress—likewise said they had no way of anticipating the riot because the “intelligence community” (including the FBI) failed to inform them of plans for a coordinated attack. Instead, they expected the usual violence between protesters and counterprotesters as thousands of angry Trump followers streamed into Washington to “stop the steal” at the president’s behest.

“If they were finding [evidence] that this was a coordinated attack that had been coordinated among numerous states for some time in advance of this, that’s the information that would have been extremely helpful to us,” Sund said. “That type of information could have given us sufficient advance warning to prep, plan for an attack such as what we saw.”

That defense is complicated not just by the overlooked FBI bulletin but also by a January 3 Capitol Police intelligence report. “Due to the tense political environment following the 2020 election, the threat of disruptive actions or violence cannot be ruled out,” said the 12-page memo, parts of which were obtained by The Washington Post. “Supporters of the current president see January 6, 2021, as the last opportunity to overturn the results of the presidential election. This sense of desperation and disappointment may lead to more of an incentive to become violent. Unlike previous post-election protests, the targets of the pro-Trump supporters are not necessarily the counter-protesters as they were previously, but rather Congress itself is the target on the 6th.”

The memo noted “a worrisome call for protesters to come to these events armed” and “Stop the Steal’s propensity to attract white supremacists, militia members, and others who actively promote violence.” It said “there is the possibility that protesters may be inclined to become violent,” creating “a significantly dangerous situation for law enforcement and the general public alike.”

The Post says that memo “does not appear to have been shared widely with other law enforcement agencies, including the FBI.” Sund, who said he did not know about the FBI’s bulletin until the day before he testified, does not seem to have made much of an effort to keep the FBI apprised of his own agency’s assessment. He told the Post “it would be inappropriate to publicly discuss an internal intelligence memo, given its sensitive nature and the risk of revealing sources and methods.”

In retrospect, these documents were unmistakable harbingers of what actually happened. While it can be difficult to distinguish between macho posturing and concrete plans of violence, the fact that some people who planned to attend the “Save America” rally were arguing that peaceful protest was inadequate to the occasion, combined with the clear warning that “Congress itself is the target,” should have prompted the people charged with protecting the Capitol to reevaluate their expectations.

The Capitol Police intelligence assessment “indicated that the January 6th
protests/rallies were ‘expected to be similar to the previous Million MAGA March rallies in November and December 2020, which drew tens of thousands of participants,'” Sund testified (contradicting White House Press Secretary Kayleigh McEnany’s risible claim that the November rally attracted “more than one MILLION” people). “The assessment indicated that members of the Proud Boys, white supremacist groups, Antifa, and other extremist groups were expected to participate in the January 6th event and that they may be inclined to become violent. This was very similar to the intelligence assessment of the December 12, 2020, MAGA II event.”

Even while noting the possibility of violence, the Capitol Police minimized the danger. According to Sund, its January 4 daily intelligence report “assessed ‘the level of probability of acts of civil disobedience/arrests occurring based on current intelligence information’ as ‘remote’ to ‘improbable’ for all of the groups expected to demonstrate on Wednesday, January 6, 2021. In addition, the daily intelligence report indicated that ‘the Secretary of Homeland Security has not issued an elevated or imminent alert at this time.'”

Passing the buck to the Department of Homeland Security, like Sund et al.’s general indictment of the “intelligence community,” seems to be aimed at diffusing responsibility for a colossal security failure. When everyone screws up, no one really has to shoulder the blame.

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As Generation Z Comes of Age, America Is Getting Noticeably More LGBT

gayliberty_1161x653

More Americans than ever are describing themselves as gay, bisexual, or transgender, Gallup reported today in a newly released poll.

The latest estimate, based on interviews during 2020 with 15,000 people over the age of 18, has 5.6 percent of Americans identifying as LGBT. This is a 1.1 percent increase over Gallup’s last survey in 2017.

The poll results show an increased willingness to self-identify across all four categories: More people are willing to call themselves gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender. As with Gallup’s 2017 poll, the new survey data shows younger generations are far more willing to identify as LGBT. Millennials are three times more likely than older generations to identify as LGBT. Gen Z is actually five times more likely to identify as LGBT.

And among those millennials and zoomers, there’s a big jump in those who identify as bisexual. Only 1.8 percent of Gen Xers identify as bisexual. A full 11.5 percent of Gen Z adults identify the same way. And there’s a much greater number of millennial and Gen Z adults identifying as transgender than previous generations, though it’s still a fairly small percentage.

This should be treated as good news for individual liberty. Resist the urge to see this necessarily as some sort of folly of youth or of the kids trying to be “trendy.” While the percentages look big, it still only amounts to a small increase in the total population self-identifying as LGBT.

The reality is that for a significant amount of American history, especially the late 20th century, our culture has treated LGBT people as dangerous or deviant and therefore individuals were encouraged to suppress or just not act on non-heterosexual attractions. There’s been an absolutely dramatic shift in acceptance of LGBT people over the past 20 years and so it should not be surprising to see a greater percentage of young adults willing to identify as LGBT.

The increase in the number of LGBT self-identification is a positive result of allowing people to define themselves and their sexual identities absent government pressures forcing them to conform to majority preferences in order to enjoy the same rights granted to everyone else.

from Latest – Reason.com https://ift.tt/3klu9c3
via IFTTT

As Generation Z Comes of Age, America Is Getting Noticeably More LGBT

gayliberty_1161x653

More Americans than ever are describing themselves as gay, bisexual, or transgender, Gallup reported today in a newly released poll.

The latest estimate, based on interviews during 2020 with 15,000 people over the age of 18, has 5.6 percent of Americans identifying as LGBT. This is a 1.1 percent increase over Gallup’s last survey in 2017.

The poll results show an increased willingness to self-identify across all four categories: More people are willing to call themselves gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender. As with Gallup’s 2017 poll, the new survey data shows younger generations are far more willing to identify as LGBT. Millennials are three times more likely than older generations to identify as LGBT. Gen Z is actually five times more likely to identify as LGBT.

And among those millennials and zoomers, there’s a big jump in those who identify as bisexual. Only 1.8 percent of Gen Xers identify as bisexual. A full 11.5 percent of Gen Z adults identify the same way. And there’s a much greater number of millennial and Gen Z adults identifying as transgender than previous generations, though it’s still a fairly small percentage.

This should be treated as good news for individual liberty. Resist the urge to see this necessarily as some sort of folly of youth or of the kids trying to be “trendy.” While the percentages look big, it still only amounts to a small increase in the total population self-identifying as LGBT.

The reality is that for a significant amount of American history, especially the late 20th century, our culture has treated LGBT people as dangerous or deviant and therefore individuals were encouraged to suppress or just not act on non-heterosexual attractions. There’s been an absolutely dramatic shift in acceptance of LGBT people over the past 20 years and so it should not be surprising to see a greater percentage of young adults willing to identify as LGBT.

The increase in the number of LGBT self-identification is a positive result of allowing people to define themselves and their sexual identities absent government pressures forcing them to conform to majority preferences in order to enjoy the same rights granted to everyone else.

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