NYC Wants to Make It Harder to Get a Milkshake and an Egg Roll Without Taking Off Your Jammies

Food delivery apps are bad for Manhattan’s restaurant business. That’s the sentiment behind a recent New York City Council push to rein in Grubhub, which some lawmakers say is taking advantage of the small dining establishments it serves.

“I would love for Grubhub to do the right thing and do more,” Mark Gjonaj, chairman of the Council’s small business committee, told The New York Times. “If they don’t, we’re going to be looking at serious legislation as we move forward that will make this a much more fair playing field.”

Gjonaj is concerned about commission rates charged by delivery apps—Grubhub, Uber Eats, DoorDash, Postmates, and others—which range from 15 to 30 percent. (While some services charge a flat rate, Grubhub employs a sliding scale, with prices determined by how much visibility a restaurant wants to receive.) With restaurant profit margins topping out somewhere between 3 and 6 percent, some say those apps should charge restaurants less to connect them with customers.

Yet Grubhub, which is the largest restaurant ordering app in the country, argues that it is the lucrative bridge between restaurants and customers who wouldn’t eat out if they couldn’t get their food on Grubhub. A recent survey found that 67 percent of people using food delivery apps did so instead of cooking, which suggests those restaurants may not have received their business otherwise. Only 19 percent said a delivery app supplanted a restaurant visit.

Gjonaj rebuffed claims that delivery behemoths help restaurants develop loyal customers, who then come and eat in person. “As a matter of fact, many restaurant owners have said that the delivery services’ orders are cannibalizing their existing customer base,” he said in a letter to the New York State Liquor Authority (SLA), referencing the creeping suspicion that restaurant-goers who once enjoyed a meal out now retreat to the comfort of their own home, food in tow.

There is not enough consumer survey data to settle the question. But even if Gjonaj is right and delivery services are slowly chipping away at restaurant profit margins, is that the government’s job to fix?

According to the SLA, the answer is yes. In a recent meeting agenda, it proposed making it illegal for those apps to charge more than 10 percent commission. There’s one glaring problem with the plan: It would only apply to restaurants with liquor licenses, meaning that liquor-less establishments would need to apply—and pay for—a license in order to reap the benefits.

The policy is protectionist in another way, in that it sends the message that some businesses matter more than others. The New York Hospitality Alliance, for instance, threw their full weight behind the idea, writing that “the current retail environment is difficult enough without behemoth companies demanding ever-increasing percentages of small businesses’ revenue in an unregulated manner.” While the stance isn’t surprising —the group advocates for the restaurant and bar industry—it is slightly hypocritical: the alliance previously and correctly fought against excessive wage regulation in the city.

Commission rates aren’t the only scandal plaguing Grubhub. Unlike the other food delivery apps, it has also come under fire for charging restaurants for phone calls made through the app that never yielded an order. The company has extended the window available for reviewing unfair charges to 120 days and is working to hone its algorithm around phone sales, according to the Times. Restauranteurs are rightly upset about years of charges for nonexistent sales, and perhaps the issue should be litigated.

But when it comes to pricing, the New York City Council and State Liquor Authority should remember that it is not their job to determine which businesses win the long-game.

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Corporate Buybacks Accelerate To Strongest Weekly Level In History

Corporate Buybacks Accelerate To Strongest Weekly Level In History

When it comes to politics, one thing is certain: it is all about fake news, and how it is spun. Which is why some people prefer finance: after all, when it comes to math-based financial data, reality is either a 1 or a 0.

Unfortunately, it now turns out that even financial “data” can mean whatever one wishes to read from it. Case in point: today’s CNBC appearance by Goldman’s chief equity strategist David Kostin, who when commenting on the fate of the market in the context of trade war, warned that stock buybacks – the primary driver of stock upside together with the Fed in the past decade – “are getting muted” (1’40” in the clip below) and thus clients are turning cautious.

There is just one problem with Kostin’s statement: it is dead wrong, at least according to the latest buyback data from Bank of America’s trading desk.

As BofA’s Jill Carey Hall writes in her latest client flow trends, “corporate buybacks accelerated to their strongest weekly level in our data history since 2009″, led by Tech buybacks for the fifth week. This is in line with BofA’s expectations, which had predicted that tech would benefit from a ramp up in buybacks YTD given the high announced/completed buyback ratio for the sector heading into the year.

As a result of this burst in stock repurchases, cumulative YTD buybacks are now +25% YoY, with 3Q to date buybacks +39% YoY and stronger than normal seasonal trends (which typically slow through late Sept, and pick up over the next ~6 weeks amid earnings season).

In other words, far from “muted” – as Goldman claims- stock buybacks heading into the Q3 blackout period have been bigger.

But why did buybacks just soar to an all time high? After all, isn’t it naive and foollish to launch a record stock repurchase program with the S&P at all time highs? Well, no, when the one paying for it is the greatest fool of all – the yield-starved corporate bond investor. Recall that September saw a record monthly corporate bond issuance, with some $434 billion in bonds sold globally, $5 billion more than the previous all time high of March 2017.

And since a substantial portion of the proceeds is used for stock buybacks, it should not come as a surprise that we just saw a record week for stock buybacks… and why stocks are surging today even as both PMIs now suggest the US is headed for a recession.

But if companies are buying every share of their stock they can find – with no price discrimination – who are the sellers? We know that answer too: as we reported a week ago,  corporate insiders – typically CEOs, CFOs, and board members, but also venture capital and other early state investors – sold a combined $19BN of stock in their companies through to mid-September. Annualized, on track to hit $26BN for the year, which would mark the most active year for insider sales since 2000, when executives sold $37bn of stock amid the idiotic frenzy of the first tech bubble. That 2019 total would also set a post-crisis high, eclipsing the $25bn of stock sold in 2017.

Finally, as for Goldman once again completely misrepresenting reality and peddling “fake news”, we hope that by now that comes as no surprise to any of our regular readers.


Tyler Durden

Thu, 10/03/2019 – 14:40

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The E.U. Orders Global Censorship of Comments Calling Austrian Politician a ‘Corrupt Oaf’

Whatever you do, don’t call Austrian Green Party politician Eva Glawischnig-Piesczek a “corrupt oaf” or “lousy traitor of the people” on Facebook. If you do, the European Union (E.U.) has ruled that Facebook can be forced to take your comments down, regardless of where you are in the world.

In all likelihood, you have no idea who Glawischnig-Piesczek even is, but you should definitely worry about today’s ruling and how it impacts your ability to express your opinions about politicians online.

I blogged about this case back in June when the E.U. was first considering it. Glawischnig-Piesczek is a retired member of the European Parliament from Austria. In 2016, an Austrian magazine published a story online about her support for welfare for refugees. Apparently, one Facebook user did not appreciate her position and called her the terms mentioned above and declared the Greens to be a “fascist party.”

These are all crudely expressed opinions, and they’re obviously just opinions. Glawischnig-Piesczek, however, objected to these characterizations and asked Facebook to delete the comments. Facebook refused. So Glawischnig-Piesczek sued under Austria’s defamation laws and won. The case then went up to the European Union to determine whether she had the power to demand that Facebook censor these “defamatory” comments from appearing on Facebook just in Austria, or worldwide.

Today, the European Court of Justice ruled that not only did Facebook have to take these posts down worldwide, it also has to remove content that duplicates or repeats any statements that have been deemed defamatory.

So, that means that if you’re sharing this story, or The New York Times news coverage, and those quoted insults show up in the sharing text, Austria might force Facebook to take it down.

Amazingly, Glawischnig-Piesczek declared that this ruling is “a historic success for human rights against web giants.”

It is nothing of the sort. This is political censorship of criticism against her. It wasn’t a “web giant” who called her an oaf. It was a citizen of her country who disagreed with her position, and she didn’t like it.

This is exactly why we need to resist folks like Sens. Josh Hawleys (R-Mo.) and Kamala Harris (D-Calif.), who want the government to decide what social media companies can and must prohibit on their platforms. This is inevitably where it will end up: censoring speech that critiques those in power.

Read the ruling (which, notably, does not describe the defamatory statements in any way) here. It cannot be appealed. So whatever you do, don’t try to make statements criticizing Glawischnig-Piesczek trend on social media. That would be very, very naughty of you.

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Michael Moore: Joe Biden Is ‘This Year’s Hillary’ 

Michael Moore: Joe Biden Is ‘This Year’s Hillary’ 

Liberal film director Michael Moore – who called Trump’s 2016 victory (and may have inadvertently contributed to it), says that former Vice President Joe Biden is “this year’s Hillary.”

During an interview with MSNBC this week, the “Fahrenheit 11/9” director called out Biden for saying he “never” discussed his son’s business dealings in Ukraine, while in a different interview saying they had spoken a few times. 

Joe Biden is not going to excite the base to get out there and vote on Nov. 3, 2020,” Moore added. “The things that he said publicly are very strong … “But it looks like he’s not really wanting to deal with it. He’s afraid to be out there.” 

Moore’s suggestion? “We need all the candidates right now — need to be unified and coming at this full force. No backing down and no trying to placate the other and none of this, ‘Well we have to wait and see.’” 

Moore was one of the few liberal personalities to predict Donald Trump would win the presidential election in 2016 — and claimed earlier on that Biden would be the one to overtake Trump in a presidential race.

He still believes that — but feels the former vice president needs to take a stronger stance on the allegations against the Biden family in order to motivate people to come out and “vote against Trump.”

The heat is on Joe Biden’s son, Hunter Biden, following Trump’s and others’ accusations that the two Biden men were in some way involved in corruption connected to Burisma Holdings, the Ukranian natural gas company on whose board Hunter Biden sat (and pulled in $50,000 a month for doing so though he had no experience in this area of business). –The Political Insider

Perhaps Moore will make another campaign ad for Trump this time around?


Tyler Durden

Thu, 10/03/2019 – 14:25

via ZeroHedge News https://ift.tt/30JJDem Tyler Durden

The E.U. Orders Global Censorship of Comments Calling Austrian Politician a ‘Corrupt Oaf’

Whatever you do, don’t call Austrian Green Party politician Eva Glawischnig-Piesczek a “corrupt oaf” or “lousy traitor of the people” on Facebook. If you do, the European Union (E.U.) has ruled that Facebook can be forced to take your comments down, regardless of where you are in the world.

In all likelihood, you have no idea who Glawischnig-Piesczek even is, but you should definitely worry about today’s ruling and how it impacts your ability to express your opinions about politicians online.

I blogged about this case back in June when the E.U. was first considering it. Glawischnig-Piesczek is a retired member of the European Parliament from Austria. In 2016, an Austrian magazine published a story online about her support for welfare for refugees. Apparently, one Facebook user did not appreciate her position and called her the terms mentioned above and declared the Greens to be a “fascist party.”

These are all crudely expressed opinions, and they’re obviously just opinions. Glawischnig-Piesczek, however, objected to these characterizations and asked Facebook to delete the comments. Facebook refused. So Glawischnig-Piesczek sued under Austria’s defamation laws and won. The case then went up to the European Union to determine whether she had the power to demand that Facebook censor these “defamatory” comments from appearing on Facebook just in Austria, or worldwide.

Today, the European Court of Justice ruled that not only did Facebook have to take these posts down worldwide, it also has to remove content that duplicates or repeats any statements that have been deemed defamatory.

So, that means that if you’re sharing this story, or The New York Times news coverage, and those quoted insults show up in the sharing text, Austria might force Facebook to take it down.

Amazingly, Glawischnig-Piesczek declared that this ruling is “a historic success for human rights against web giants.”

It is nothing of the sort. This is political censorship of criticism against her. It wasn’t a “web giant” who called her an oaf. It was a citizen of her country who disagreed with her position, and she didn’t like it.

This is exactly why we need to resist folks like Sens. Josh Hawleys (R-Mo.) and Kamala Harris (D-Calif.), who want the government to decide what social media companies can and must prohibit on their platforms. This is inevitably where it will end up: censoring speech that critiques those in power.

Read the ruling (which, notably, does not describe the defamatory statements in any way) here. It cannot be appealed. So whatever you do, don’t try to make statements criticizing Glawischnig-Piesczek trend on social media. That would be very, very naughty of you.

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QE By Any Other Name

QE By Any Other Name

Authored by Michael Lebowitz and JackScott via RealInvestmentAdvice.com,

“What’s in a name? That which we call a rose, By any other name would smell as sweet.”

– Juliet Capulet in Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare

Burgeoning Problem

The short-term repo funding turmoil that cropped up in mid-September continues to be discussed at length. The Federal Reserve quickly addressed soaring overnight funding costs through a special repo financing facility not used since the Great Financial Crisis (GFC). The re-introduction of repo facilities has, thus far, resolved the matter. It remains interesting that so many articles are being written about the problem, including our own. The on-going concern stems from the fact that the world’s most powerful central bank briefly lost control over the one rate they must control.

What seems clear is the Fed measures to calm funding markets, although superficially effective, may not address a bigger underlying set of issues that could reappear. The on-going media attention to such a banal and technical topic could be indicative of deeper problems. People who understand both the complexities and importance of these matters, frankly, are still wringing their hands. The Fed has applied a tourniquet and gauze to a serious wound, but permanent medical attention is still desperately needed.

The Fed is in a difficult position. As discussed in Who Could Have Known – What the Repo Fiasco Entails, they are using temporary tools that require daily and increasingly larger efforts to assuage the problem. Taking more drastic and permanent steps would result in an aggressive easing of monetary policy at a time when the U.S. economy is relatively strong and stable, and such policy is not warranted in our opinion. Such measures could incite the most underrated of all threats, inflationary pressures.

Hamstrung

The Fed is hamstrung by an economy that has enjoyed low interest rates and stimulative fiscal policy and is the strongest in the developed world. By all appearances, the U.S. is also running at full employment. At the same time, they have a hostile President sniping at them to ease policy dramatically and the Federal Reserve board itself has rarely seen internal dissension of the kind recently observed. The current fundamental and political environment is challenging, to be kind.

Two main alternatives to resolve the funding issue are:

  1. More aggressive interest rate cuts to steepen the yield curve and relieve the banks of the negative carry in holding Treasury notes and bonds

  2. Re-initiating quantitative easing (QE) by having the Fed buy Treasury and mortgage-backed securities from primary dealers to re-liquefy the system

Others are putting forth their perspectives on the matter, but the only real “permanent” solution is the second option, re-expanding the Fed balance sheet through QE. The Fed is painted into a financial corner since there is no fundamental justification (remember “we are data-dependent”) for such an action. Further, Powell, when asked, said they would not take monetary policy actions to address the short-term temporary spike in funding. Whether Powell likes it or not, not taking such an action might force the need to take that very same action, and it may come too late.

Advice from Those That Caused the Problem

There was an article recently written by a former Fed official now employed by a major hedge fund manager.

Brian Sack is a Director of Global Economics at the D.E. Shaw Group, a hedge fund conglomerate with over $40 billion under management. Prior to joining D.E. Shaw, Sack was head of the New York Federal Reserve Markets Group and manager of the System Open Market Account (SOMA) for the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC). He also served as a special advisor on monetary policy to President Obama while at the New York Fed.

Sack, along with Joseph Gagnon, another ex-Fed employee and currently a senior fellow at the Peterson Institute for International Economics, argue in their paper LINK that the Fed should first promptly establish a standing fixed-rate repo facility and, second, “aim for a higher level of reserves.” Although Sack and Gagnon would not concede that reserves are “low”, they argue that whatever the minimum level of reserves may be in the banking system, the Fed should “steer well clear of it.” Their recommendation is for the Fed to increase the level of reserves by $250 billion over the next two quarters. Furthermore, they argue for continued expansion of the Fed balance sheet as needed thereafter.

What they recommend is monetary policy slavery. No matter what language they use to rationalize and justify such solutions, it is pure pragmatism and expediency. It may solve short-term funding issues for the time being, but it will leave the U.S. economy and its citizens further enslaved to the consequences of runaway debt and the monetary policies designed to support it.

If It Walks and Quacks Like a Duck…

Sack and Gagnon did not give their recommendation a sophisticated name, but neither did they call it “QE.” Simply put, their recommendation is in fact a resumption of QE regardless of what name it is given.

To them it smells as sweet as QE, but the spin of some other name and rationale may be more palatable to the public. By not calling it QE, it may allow the Fed more leeway to do QE without being in a recession or bringing rates to near zero in attempts to avoid becoming a political lightening rod.

The media appears to be helping with what increasingly looks like a sleight of hand. Joe Weisenthal from Bloomberg proposed the following on Twitter:

To help you form your own opinion let’s look at some facts about QE and balance sheet increases prior to the QE era. From January of 2003 to December of 2007, the Fed’s balance sheet steadily increased by $150 billion, or about $30 billion a year. The new proposal from Sack and Gagnon calls for a $250 billion increase over six months. QE1 lasted six months and increased the Fed’s balance sheet by $265 billion. Maybe its us, but the new proposal appears to be a mirror image of QE.

Summary

The challenge, as we see it, is that these former Fed officials do not realize that the policies they helped create and implement were a big contributor to the financial crisis a decade ago. The ensuing problems the financial system is now enduring are a result of the policies they implemented to address the crisis. Their proposed solutions, regardless of what they call them, are more imprudent policies to address problems caused by imprudent policies since the GFC.


Tyler Durden

Thu, 10/03/2019 – 14:10

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The FDA Plans To Ban Flavored E-Cigarettes Based on a Nonexistent ‘Epidemic’ of Adolescent Nicotine Addiction

The main justification for state and federal bans on flavored e-cigarettes is the “epidemic” of underage vaping, which former Food and Drug Administration Commissioner Scott Gottlieb worried might result in “a whole generation of young people becoming addicted to nicotine.” A new analysis of survey data on e-cigarette use by teenagers suggests such fears are overblown, since heavy vaping is rare among adolescents who are not current or former smokers.

The study, reported yesterday in the online journal Qeios, is based on 2017 and 2018 data from the National Youth Tobacco Survey (NYTS). Although it does not include results for this year, when e-cigarette use by teenagers rose again, the analysis demonstrates the fallacy of casually equating vaping with nicotine addiction.

Between 2017 and 2018, the prevalence of past-month e-cigarette use among high school students rose by 78 percent, from 11.7 percent to 20.8 percent. Last fall that surge prompted Gottlieb to propose new restrictions on the flavored e-cigarettes that are popular among teenagers, which are also overwhelmingly preferred by former smokers. Last month the FDA cited the continuation of the upward trend in underage vaping as the justification for the outright ban it plans to impose on e-cigarette flavors other than tobacco.

In the new study, University College London health psychologist Martin Jarvis and his co-authors argue that a closer look at the survey data suggests the FDA exaggerated the threat posed by adolescent e-cigarette use. While use on 20 or more days in the previous month rose between 2017 and 2018, it remained rare among students who had never used tobacco products (“never tobacco users”).

“Frequent use occurred in 0.1% of never tobacco users in 2017 and 1.0% in 2018,”  Jarvis et al. report. “Among past-30-day e-cigarette users who had never tried tobacco products in 2018, 3.8% reported craving, 3.1% reported wanting to use within 30 minutes of waking, and 61.8% said they had used e-cigarettes on ≤10 days in their life.”

In other words, it does not look like adolescent vaping is leading to the “epidemic of addiction” that Gottlieb predicted. “Data from the NYTS do not support claims of a new epidemic of nicotine addiction stemming from use of e-cigarettes, nor concerns that declines in youth tobacco addiction stand to be reversed after years of progress,” Jarvis et al. write. “Among current e-cigarette users who had never tried tobacco products, responses consistently pointed to minimal dependence.”

The story is quite different for tobacco users. “By comparison with never tobacco users, the odds of current e-cigarette use rose steeply and in a graded fashion with extent of tobacco experience,” the researchers say. “Heavier use was strongly associated with lifetime tobacco use history….The observed frequency of 20+ days use [in the previous month] increased with the extent of lifetime tobacco use, and reached 26.8% in 2017 and 37.2% in 2018 among students who had smoked more than 100 cigarettes.”

Tobacco users also were much more likely to report signs of addiction. Among “e-cigarette users with a lifetime history of smoking more than 100 cigarettes,” 75 percent reported craving, while 51 percent said they wanted to vape within half an hour of waking up in the morning.

What about Gottlieb’s concern that vaping might lead to smoking by teenagers who otherwise never would have used tobacco products? “It is notoriously problematic to draw inferences about direction of causality from cross-sectional data,” Jarvis et al. note. “In principle, the strong and graded association observed between likelihood of using e-cigarettes in the past 30 days and lifetime history of use of tobacco products could point to an effect of using e-cigarettes on subsequent uptake and use of cigarettes and other combustible products. This appears to be the view adopted by the FDA.”

But Jarvis and his co-authors argue that the evidence does not support the FDA’s view:

While it may well be the case that in some individual instances initial trying of an e-cigarette led on to trying and using cigarettes, the data strongly suggest that this is not the dominant pattern observed at the level of the whole population. Among high school students we found that, for the great majority of those with any substantial cigarette smoking history, cigarettes were the first tobacco product tried, prior to any use of e-cigarettes. Clearly, for these students their use of cigarettes and the development of characteristic nicotine dependence must be attributed to cigarettes as the uptake product, rather than to e-cigarettes. Similarly, the observed rapid decline in trying combustible products and in the prevalence of cigarette smoking since 1999 has not yet given any sign of being reversed through the upsurge of e-cigarette use since 2011. At the population level, therefore, the NYTS fails to give evidence of e-cigarettes acting as a gateway to smoking in adolescents.

In fact, pre-2018 data from the NYTS and other surveys indicate that the downward trend in smoking accelerated among teenagers and young adults as e-cigarettes became more popular. Those trends suggests that people who would otherwise be smoking are instead vaping, a much less hazardous source of nicotine.

“Cigarette use generally declined between 2002 and 2018 across all age groups,” the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration noted last August in a report on the 2018 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. “Some of this decline may reflect the use of electronic vaporizing devices (‘vaping’), such as e-cigarettes, as a substitute for delivering nicotine.”

Jarvis et al. think the weight of the evidence indicates that vaping is, on the whole, replacing smoking rather than promoting it. “In these circumstances,” they say, “there is plausibility to the suggestion that e-cigarettes are likely to reduce the disease burden in the US by helping adult smokers to quit.”

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The FDA Plans To Ban Flavored E-Cigarettes Based on a Nonexistent ‘Epidemic’ of Adolescent Nicotine Addiction

The main justification for state and federal bans on flavored e-cigarettes is the “epidemic” of underage vaping, which former Food and Drug Administration Commissioner Scott Gottlieb worried might result in “a whole generation of young people becoming addicted to nicotine.” A new analysis of survey data on e-cigarette use by teenagers suggests such fears are overblown, since heavy vaping is rare among adolescents who are not current or former smokers.

The study, reported yesterday in the online journal Qeios, is based on 2017 and 2018 data from the National Youth Tobacco Survey (NYTS). Although it does not include results for this year, when e-cigarette use by teenagers rose again, the analysis demonstrates the fallacy of casually equating vaping with nicotine addiction.

Between 2017 and 2018, the prevalence of past-month e-cigarette use among high school students rose by 78 percent, from 11.7 percent to 20.8 percent. Last fall that surge prompted Gottlieb to propose new restrictions on the flavored e-cigarettes that are popular among teenagers, which are also overwhelmingly preferred by former smokers. Last month the FDA cited the continuation of the upward trend in underage vaping as the justification for the outright ban it plans to impose on e-cigarette flavors other than tobacco.

In the new study, University College London health psychologist Martin Jarvis and his co-authors argue that a closer look at the survey data suggests the FDA exaggerated the threat posed by adolescent e-cigarette use. While use on 20 or more days in the previous month rose between 2017 and 2018, it remained rare among students who had never used tobacco products (“never tobacco users”).

“Frequent use occurred in 0.1% of never tobacco users in 2017 and 1.0% in 2018,”  Jarvis et al. report. “Among past-30-day e-cigarette users who had never tried tobacco products in 2018, 3.8% reported craving, 3.1% reported wanting to use within 30 minutes of waking, and 61.8% said they had used e-cigarettes on ≤10 days in their life.”

In other words, it does not look like adolescent vaping is leading to the “epidemic of addiction” that Gottlieb predicted. “Data from the NYTS do not support claims of a new epidemic of nicotine addiction stemming from use of e-cigarettes, nor concerns that declines in youth tobacco addiction stand to be reversed after years of progress,” Jarvis et al. write. “Among current e-cigarette users who had never tried tobacco products, responses consistently pointed to minimal dependence.”

The story is quite different for tobacco users. “By comparison with never tobacco users, the odds of current e-cigarette use rose steeply and in a graded fashion with extent of tobacco experience,” the researchers say. “Heavier use was strongly associated with lifetime tobacco use history….The observed frequency of 20+ days use [in the previous month] increased with the extent of lifetime tobacco use, and reached 26.8% in 2017 and 37.2% in 2018 among students who had smoked more than 100 cigarettes.”

Tobacco users also were much more likely to report signs of addiction. Among “e-cigarette users with a lifetime history of smoking more than 100 cigarettes,” 75 percent reported craving, while 51 percent said they wanted to vape within half an hour of waking up in the morning.

What about Gottlieb’s concern that vaping might lead to smoking by teenagers who otherwise never would have used tobacco products? “It is notoriously problematic to draw inferences about direction of causality from cross-sectional data,” Jarvis et al. note. “In principle, the strong and graded association observed between likelihood of using e-cigarettes in the past 30 days and lifetime history of use of tobacco products could point to an effect of using e-cigarettes on subsequent uptake and use of cigarettes and other combustible products. This appears to be the view adopted by the FDA.”

But Jarvis and his co-authors argue that the evidence does not support the FDA’s view:

While it may well be the case that in some individual instances initial trying of an e-cigarette led on to trying and using cigarettes, the data strongly suggest that this is not the dominant pattern observed at the level of the whole population. Among high school students we found that, for the great majority of those with any substantial cigarette smoking history, cigarettes were the first tobacco product tried, prior to any use of e-cigarettes. Clearly, for these students their use of cigarettes and the development of characteristic nicotine dependence must be attributed to cigarettes as the uptake product, rather than to e-cigarettes. Similarly, the observed rapid decline in trying combustible products and in the prevalence of cigarette smoking since 1999 has not yet given any sign of being reversed through the upsurge of e-cigarette use since 2011. At the population level, therefore, the NYTS fails to give evidence of e-cigarettes acting as a gateway to smoking in adolescents.

In fact, pre-2018 data from the NYTS and other surveys indicate that the downward trend in smoking accelerated among teenagers and young adults as e-cigarettes became more popular. Those trends suggests that people who would otherwise be smoking are instead vaping, a much less hazardous source of nicotine.

“Cigarette use generally declined between 2002 and 2018 across all age groups,” the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration noted last August in a report on the 2018 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. “Some of this decline may reflect the use of electronic vaporizing devices (‘vaping’), such as e-cigarettes, as a substitute for delivering nicotine.”

Jarvis et al. think the weight of the evidence indicates that vaping is, on the whole, replacing smoking rather than promoting it. “In these circumstances,” they say, “there is plausibility to the suggestion that e-cigarettes are likely to reduce the disease burden in the US by helping adult smokers to quit.”

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McCarthy Demands ‘Reckless’ Pelosi Suspend Impeachment Inquiry Until She Defines Procedures

McCarthy Demands ‘Reckless’ Pelosi Suspend Impeachment Inquiry Until She Defines Procedures

House Minority Leader Kevin McCarthy (R-CA) fired off a Thursday letter to House Speaker Nancy Pelosi (D-CA) demanding that she halt the impeachment inquiry into President Trump until she can answer a series of questions defining her game plan for the process. 

“As you know, there have been only three prior instances in our nation’s history when the full House has moved to formally investigate whether sufficient grounds exist for the impeachment of a sitting President,” writes McCarthy. “I should hope that if such an extraordinary step were to be contemplated a fourth time it would be conducted with an eye towards fairness, objectivity and impartiality.” 

Unfortunately, you have given no clear indication as to how your impeachment inquiry will proceed – including whether key historical precedents or basic standards of due process will be observed.”

“In addition, the swiftness and recklessness with which you have proceeded has already resulted in committee chairs attempting to limit minority participation in scheduled interviews, calling into question the integrity of such an inquiry.”” 

McCarthy’s reference to participation refers to reports that House Intelligence Committee Chairman Adam Schiff (D-CA) will limit GOP questions during Thursday’s testimony by former US Ukraine envoy, Kurt Volker. 

In his letter to Pelosi, McCarthy asks a number of questions, including whether Pelosi plans to hold a full House vote on authorizing the impeachment inquiry, whether she plans to grant subpoena powers to both the committee chairs and the ranking members, and whether she’ll allow trump’s lawyers to attend the hearings.

After concerns were first raised about an “equal playing field” during the Volker session, Fox News is told Democrats made concessions and agreed to equal representation from Democratic and Republican counsels in the room. However, even though there are representatives from the Intelligence, Oversight and Foreign Affairs Committees, only the Intelligence Committee can ask questions. –Fox News

In response to McCarthy’s letter, President Trump tweeted “Leader McCarthy, we look forward to you soon becoming Speaker of the House. The Do Nothing Dems don’t have a chance!”

Pelosi appears to have a poor grasp on what she’s even trying to impeach Trump over – as evidenced by her Wednesday insistance that Rep. Schiff was “using the president’s own words” when he read a fabricated account of a phone call between President Trump and Ukrainian President Volodomyr Zelensky during a hearing last week with the acting director of national intelligence. 


Tyler Durden

Thu, 10/03/2019 – 13:55

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via ZeroHedge News https://ift.tt/35714ZB Tyler Durden

Double Top?

Double Top?

Authored by Sven Henrich via NorthmanTrader.com,

Before you go all “here he goes again” I’m not calling for a double top, I’m highlighting the risk that markets may have made a double top and that has implications.

Let’s explore the evidence, then let’s discuss the risk.

Firstly, a set of plain facts: $SPX made a marginal new all time high in July. 3028 was the peak print. The Fed cut rates in July and markets sold off. Blame trade tensions all you want, but then markets rallied on trade optimism into September, the Fed cut rates again and $SPX peaked at 3022, a slightly lower high, and now has sold off again:

Those are the facts ma’am.

Now is this a confirmed double top? Not necessarily. Get a trade deal and off to the races we go right? What if there’s no trade deal and all you got are regressive earnings? What if the employment cycle is turning? What if the yield curve actually means something? What if decades long trends actually mean something? I’m asking for a friend.

See here’s the thing: Double tops are very rare and when they occur at the end of a business cycle one better pay attention.

But the Fed has our backs, nothing bad happens when the Fed cuts rates right? There won’t be double tops with the Fed cutting rates. Surely.

But we hit 3000+ in July and rejected. We hit 3,000+ in September and rejected. Both rejections have come on Fed rate cuts. What happens when the Fed cuts rates in stocks sell off anyways?

Well, we already know the answer to that question, here’s the $SPX during 2007:

Looks awfully similar to the current $SPX chart doesn’t it?

Funny enough a record high in July followed by a marginal new high in October after the Fed cut rates. That was it. Lights out. Rate cuts did not bring about growth or a rising stock market. The initial instinct was the buy the rate cut, but then it didn’t matter and stocks were sold anyways. For now we see the same thing here and rate cuts are being sold.

But Wall Street is all bullish and says the Fed has our back you say. Yes that was the attitude back then too.

After all in December 2007, with the double top already in place Wall Street projected nothing but new highs for 2008, ignoring the prospect of a double top in place:

A double top was in place and everybody ignored it.

Are they ignoring it again?

Here are famous double tops in recent years:

All have one common characteristic: Negative divergences on new highs or close to new high. In 2000 and 2007 these double tops had especial meaning because they came at the end of a business cycle with unemployment having based at the lows and the yield curve inverted and yields declining.

Sound familiar?

Again, I’m not calling for a double top, I’m highlighting there is risk of one and the only way to invalidate this risk is to make new highs. No new highs and it looks the technical consequences could be dire.

Remember: Tick tock

I posted this chart as a warning on September 19 with $SPX at 3006. Yesterday $SPX closed at 2887 confirming the risk of these 3,000 prices a few week ago.

And all this price action is occurring in context of the larger pattern structures we’ve been discussing:

I don’t know why this all being ignored again, but there it is. Megaphone, broken 2019 uptrend and now a potential double top with sell-offs following two rate cuts with a lot of open space below. But ok.

Double tops are only obvious in hindsight and this one remains unconfirmed, but it is a risk for bulls and they need to invalidate it soon. A trade deal may do it and perhaps must do the job as for now the Fed intervening is not showing signs of being able to produce sustained new highs. And yes there will be rallies, but if they fail to produce new highs watch out below.

As I outlined yesterday next week’s trade meeting is shaping up to be critical.

*  *  *

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Tyler Durden

Thu, 10/03/2019 – 13:40

via ZeroHedge News https://ift.tt/2V9KxQd Tyler Durden